Soybean is one of the most important oilseed crops grown across the world. It is highly nutritious and used as a source of protein in both human and animal diets. However, soybean is highly susceptible to fungal attack, which can result in serious crop losses and reduction in quality. Therefore, proper control measures need to be instituted to prevent or minimize fungal attack in soybean crops. In this article, we will take a look at some of the measures that are commonly used to prevent and control fungal attack in soybean crops.
1. Crop rotation: Crop rotation is a commonly used practice that helps to prevent or minimize fungal attack in soybean crops. This involves planting different crops in a particular field in successive seasons to prevent the buildup of disease-causing fungi in the soil. This practice also helps to maintain soil health and fertility.
2. Use of resistant soybean varieties: Planting resistant soybean varieties is an effective way to prevent or minimize fungal attack in soybean crops. Breeding programs have produced soybean varieties that are resistant to some of the most common fungal diseases such as Phomopsis seed decay, Fusarium wilt, and Sclerotinia stem rot.
3. Planting healthy seed: Planting healthy and disease-free seed is a crucial step in preventing fungal attack in soybean crops. Farmers should ensure that the seed they use is free from fungal infections or contamination.
4. Proper fertilizer and irrigation management: Proper fertilizer and irrigation management can help to prevent fungal attack in soybean crops. Over-fertilization and waterlogging can create conditions that favor the growth and spread of fungal diseases.
5. Chemical control: The use of fungicides is a common control measure that is used to prevent and control fungal attack in soybean crops. Fungicides can be applied as a preventive measure before the onset of the disease or as a curative measure after the onset of the disease. However, the use of fungicides may also have some negative effects on the environment and human health.
In conclusion, soybean crops are highly susceptible to fungal attack, which can result in serious crop losses and reduction in quality. Proper control measures such as crop rotation, planting resistant soybean varieties, using healthy seed, proper fertilizer and irrigation management, and chemical control can help prevent or minimize fungal attack in soybean crops. Farmers should also regularly monitor their crops for the signs and symptoms of fungal diseases and take prompt action to prevent or control their spread.