Manganese deficiency in wheat can lead to significant yield losses, reduced plant growth and poor quality of grain. The deficiency is mostly associated with soils that have low pH, sandy texture, and have low manganese content. Symptoms of manganese deficiency include yellowing of leaves, stunted growth, and poor root development.
To control manganese deficiency in wheat, the following techniques may be used:
1. Soil pH correction: Manganese availability is increased when the soil pH is in the range of 6-7.5. A soil test should be conducted to identify the pH and appropriate corrective measures taken. The addition of lime to the soil can help correct low pH levels.
2. Fertilizer application: Application of fertilizers containing manganese can help address the deficiency. However, the right dosage and timing of application should be observed to avoid toxicity.
3. Foliar application: Foliar application of manganese can increase its concentration in the plant and improve its uptake. This method can be used to supplement soil applications.
4. Crop rotation: Continuous cropping with wheat may lead to a buildup of soil-borne diseases and deficiencies. Rotating wheat with legume crops such as beans, peas, and lentils can help replenish soil macronutrients, including manganese.
5. Seed treatment: Applying manganese sulfate to seed at the time of planting can help ensure its availability to the roots as the plant grows.
In conclusion, manganese deficiency in wheat can significantly reduce yield and quality. Therefore, it is essential to take proactive measures to prevent and control the deficiency. Soil pH correction, fertilizer application, foliar application, crop rotation, and seed treatment are all effective techniques that can be employed to control this deficiency.