Manganese is an essential micronutrient for optimal growth and development of berseem crop. Deficiency of manganese can limit the growth and yield of the crop and lead to poor quality forage. Therefore, it is important to control manganese deficiency in berseem crop.
Manganese deficiency is a common problem in alkaline and calcareous soils where manganese becomes less available to the plants. Symptoms of manganese deficiency include interveinal chlorosis, stunted growth, reduced yield, and necrotic spots on leaves. The severity of symptoms may vary depending on the severity and duration of the deficiency.
To control manganese deficiency in berseem crop, a few management practices can be adopted. Here are some of the most effective ways of controlling manganese deficiency in berseem crop:
1. Soil Testing
The first step towards controlling manganese deficiency is to conduct a soil test. Soil testing helps to identify the manganese availability in the soil and determine the amount of manganese fertilizer required. Based on the soil test results, farmers can apply the appropriate amount of fertilizers containing manganese to the soil.
2. Application of Manganese Fertilizers
Manganese sulfate is a commonly used fertilizer for controlling manganese deficiency. It contains high amounts of manganese and can be applied as a foliar spray or soil application. Manganese fertilizers should be applied in a timely manner to ensure the crop receives adequate amounts of manganese.
3. Soil pH Adjustment
Manganese availability decreases as the soil pH increases above 6.0. Therefore, adjusting the soil pH to the optimum range of 5.5 – 6.0 can improve the availability of manganese to the crop. This can be achieved by applying sulfur reagents in the form of elemental sulfur, sulfuric acid, or gypsum.
4. Crop Rotation
Crop rotation is a useful practice in reducing the severity of manganese deficiency. Berseem can be rotated with legume crops, such as chickpea, lentil, and peas, which have a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. These legumes are known to enhance the soil’s fertility, including increasing the availability of manganese.
5. Organic Matter Management
Organic matter-containing materials, such as farmyard manure, compost, and green manure can improve soil fertility and manganese availability. Incorporating organic matter into the soil can enhance the biological activity, increase water holding capacity, and improve soil structure.
In conclusion, controlling manganese deficiency in berseem crop is a critical step in ensuring optimal growth and yield. The adoption of appropriate management practices such as soil testing, application of manganese fertilizers, soil pH adjustment, crop rotation, and organic matter management can effectively control manganese deficiency in the crop. These practices improve soil fertility, enhance the availability of nutrients, and ultimately increase the yield and quality of forage harvested.