As chillies are a popular and lucrative crop, it is important to ensure that they are protected against a variety of diseases, including fruit rot. Fruit rot is caused by two types of fungi, including Fusarium spp. and Colletotrichum capsici. Both types of fungi cause the fruit to become soft, wither and rot, resulting in substantial yield losses.
Fortunately, there are several ways to protect chilli plants from fruit rot:
1. Proper irrigation:
Overwatering is one of the leading causes of fruit rot in chillies. Thus, it is essential to regulate irrigation practices and avoid watering the plants excessively. It would be best to avoid watering the leaves instead of the soil.
2. Crop rotation:
Crop rotation helps to prevent the growth and spread of fungi that cause fruit rot. Farmers should avoid planting chillies in the same soil for years, which reduces the risk of infection by fungi.
3. Fungicides:
Fungicides are an effective option for controlling fruit rot in chillies. Some of the most common fungicides used to control fruit rot include Captan, Chlorothalonil, and Thiophanate-methyl. However, it is crucial to follow the instructions carefully and use the fungicides according to the recommended dosage.
4. Removal of infected fruit:
Removing the infected fruit from the plant is a crucial step towards controlling fruit rot. This will reduce the spread of fungi, thus preventing the infection from spreading to the remaining fruit.
5. Keep the field clean:
It is vital to maintain a clean field to avoid the growth of fungi that cause fruit rot. Farmers are advised to remove weeds, debris, and infected fruit from the field.
In conclusion, controlling fruit rot in chillies is possible through proper irrigation, crop rotation, use of fungicides, removing infected fruit, and keeping the field clean. By implementing these practices, farmers can protect their crops and prevent losses caused by fruit rot.