Manganese is an essential micronutrient required for the proper growth and development of plants. It plays a crucial role in various metabolic processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, and nitrogen metabolism. Manganese deficiency can severely affect the growth and yield of crops, including berseem crop. Therefore, it is crucial to control manganese deficiency in berseem crop to achieve optimal production.
Symptoms
The symptoms of manganese deficiency in berseem crops are easily identifiable. The young leaves become yellowish-green with interveinal chlorosis, while the old leaves retain their green coloration. As the deficiency progresses, the leaves turn brown and develop necrotic spots. The stems and branches become brittle, and the plant growth is stunted.
Causes
The primary causes of manganese deficiency in berseem crop are acidic soil, the presence of excess iron, and poor soil drainage. Manganese is less available in acidic soils, and the excess of iron can compete with manganese for uptake by the roots. Poorly-drained soils can also hamper the absorption of manganese by roots.
Control Measures
Several control measures can be employed to prevent or remedy manganese deficiency in berseem crop.
1. Soil pH Management
The first step to control manganese deficiency is to ensure the soil has a pH of around 7.0 -7.5. A soil test can reveal the pH value, and if it is acidic, aglime or other soil amendments can be added to raise the pH level.
2. Manganese Fertilizers
Although manganese is present in soil, it is often not readily available for plant uptake. Manganese fertilizers can be added to soil to provide the crop with an adequate amount of manganese. Manganese sulfate or chelated manganese are the most commonly used manganese fertilizers. Foliar application can also be used to provide quick relief to the crops.
3. Crop Rotation
Berseem crop should be rotated with other crops to avoid a continuous cycle of manganese deficiency. Growing a crop that requires less manganese in the soil can help to replenish the soil’s manganese content.
4. Drainage
Improved drainage is essential to control manganese deficiency. Waterlogged soils can deprive roots of oxygen, reducing their ability to absorb manganese and other nutrients. Soil drainage can be improved by constructing proper drainage channels, adding organic matter to soil, or introducing tile drains.
Conclusion
Berseem crop farmers should regularly monitor their crops for manganese deficiency to prevent losses in yield. Regular soil testing and fertilization with manganese sulfate can help ensure the crop receives adequate amounts of manganese. Improved soil management strategies, such as crop rotation and proper drainage, can also play a crucial role in controlling manganese deficiency in berseem crop.