Black gram, also known as urad or mungo bean, is an important pulse crop in India. However, in recent years, the crop has suffered losses due to excessive rainfall. The black gram crop is usually sown in June and July and harvested in October and November. However, if there is excessive rainfall during this period, the crop may rot before it can be harvested.
According to a report by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), the damage caused to the black gram crop due to excessive rainfall in 2019-20 was estimated at 19.65%. The damage was even higher in some states, such as Chhattisgarh, where it was estimated at 45%. Similarly, in Madhya Pradesh, the loss was reported to be around 20-25%.
Excessive rainfall not only affects the yield of the crop but also affects its quality. When the black gram crop is exposed to excessive moisture, it becomes susceptible to various fungal and bacterial diseases, which can cause the quality of the grain and seed to deteriorate. In addition, excessive rainfall also causes damage to the soil structure, making it difficult for farmers to grow a healthy crop in the future.
The loss of black gram crop due to rainfall is not only a serious concern for farmers but also has a significant impact on the economy. Black gram is an important source of protein and is widely consumed in India. The loss of this crop can affect the availability and affordability of this important food item.
To mitigate the impact of rainfall on the black gram crop, farmers can adopt certain management practices. For example, they can select varieties that are resistant to waterlogging and flooding. They can also practice crop rotation and use mulch to prevent soil erosion. In addition, farmers can improve drainage and irrigation systems to prevent waterlogging and provide the necessary moisture to the crop during dry spells.
In conclusion, the loss of black gram crop due to rainfall is a serious concern for farmers and the economy. It is crucial that we take proactive measures to mitigate the impact of excessive rainfall on this important pulse crop. By adopting sustainable and effective management practices, we can ensure the availability and accessibility of this important food item in the future.