Bengal gram is a crucial crop for the Indian agricultural industry. This pulse crop has the potential to increase farmer’s income and is predominantly grown in South Asia, Africa and the Mediterranean region. Water management is a crucial practice for the growth and development of Bengal gram. Proper water management practices help to ensure that the crop does not suffer from water stress, which can lead to stunted growth and low yields. In this article, we will discuss the importance of water management for Bengal gram and the different ways in which farmers can manage water during the crop’s growth.
Bengal gram is a pulse crop that requires adequate moisture from sowing until maturity. The crop is highly sensitive to water stress during the vegetative growth stages. This is because the vegetative stage is when the plant is putting on most of its biomass, and without adequate water supply, the plant will be unable to photosynthesize effectively, leading to stunted growth. It is also essential to prevent waterlogging in the fields since stagnant water can lead to the death of the plant.
Water management is key during the different stages in the life cycle of Bengal gram. The soil moisture level must be kept to a certain level for optimal growth and yield. At planting, the soil must be adequately moist to ensure that the seeds germinate correctly. Alternatively, farmers may soak the seeds before planting to help hasten the germination process. After plant emergence, the soil must be kept moist to prevent the seedling from experiencing water stress.
During the vegetative stage, the most significant demand for water by the plant is only for maintaining the turgidity of the tissues. The water requirement during this stage is considerably lower than the reproductive stage of the crop. In the reproductive stage, the plant needs more water to sustain the production of leaves, flowers, and subsequently, new seeds.
The flowering and pod development stage is critical for the crop’s yield, and water should be managed efficiently during this stage. During this stage, the crop should receive moderate amounts of water and should be monitored daily to ensure that the soil is adequately moist without being waterlogged, with a good drainage system.
Water management can be achieved by adopting different farming methods, such as furrow irrigation, drip irrigation, and sprinkler irrigation, depending on what suits the specific location and circumstances. Drip irrigation is one of the most effective forms of irrigation for Bengal gram, as it provides water directly to the roots, reducing water loss due to evaporation. Furrow irrigation may also be used effectively, provided that the furrows are well-spaced, and there is access to adequate water supply.
In conclusion, water management is crucial to the growth and development of Bengal gram. Farmers must understand the different growth stages of the crop and the varying water requirements during each of these stages. Proper water management practices will go a long way in improving crop yields and improving farmers’ livelihoods. Adopting modern irrigation methods like drip irrigation can improve water efficiency and increase yields, making Bengal gram an economically viable crop that can boost food security, enhance farmers’ income, and sustain a robust agricultural sector.