As a well-known pulse crop, pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) has been cultivated for centuries and is consumed worldwide. It is also a popular legume due to its high protein, fiber, and carbohydrate content, making it a significant component of human diets and animal feed. Pigeon pea comes in a variety of forms based on its morphological and nutritional features.
The pigeon pea is a hardy crop that can withstand harsh weather conditions and can grow in diverse soil types such as sandy, loamy, clay, and laterite soils. What differentiates these pigeon pea varieties is their growth habit, seed size, harvest time, color, and shape.
One of the most popular varieties of pigeon pea is the upright or tree-types. These varieties grow on woody stems and can reach heights of up to 3 meters. They take up to 6-8 months to mature, with their seeds ready for harvest from November to February. This variety is known for its tall stature, resistance to pests, and diseases, and their ability to produce multiple yields.
Another variety of pigeon pea is the short duration or bushy types. As the name suggests, these plants grow shorter and stockier than their tree counterparts and reach maturity quickly within 3-4 months. Their seeds are smaller and usually harvested from October to November. They are ideal for intercropping with other crops and can produce 2-3 times per year.
The dwarf pigeon pea varieties are a more recent introduction to the pigeon pea farming industry. These plants only grow up to 20cm in height and achieve maturity within two months. Their short growth cycle offers a significant turnaround time for quick harvest and is used mainly in the processing industry for canning and freezing.
The pigeon pea also comes in different colored seeds, like red, yellow, green, and black. These color variations do not affect their nutritional value but give them a distinct appearance. For instance, the red pigeon pea variety is famous for its use in traditional dishes such as dhal, sambar, and curries.
In conclusion, pigeon pea varieties come in different shapes, sizes, colors, and growth habits, which determine their suitability for various farming systems. This legume stands out because of its high nutritional value, resilience to weather fluctuations, and compatibility with different crops. As pigeon pea farming continues to be popular, more cultivars are expected to be developed to cater to changing market needs.