Bengal gram, scientifically known as Cicer arietinum, is a highly versatile and widely cultivated legume crop. It is commonly referred to as chickpea or gram and is an essential part of various cuisines around the world. Bengal gram is not only a crucial source of protein and nutrients but also plays a significant role in sustainable agriculture due to its ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen into the soil.
There are several varieties of Bengal gram that are cultivated in different regions, each possessing unique characteristics and adaptability to specific climates. Let’s explore some of the popular varieties of Bengal gram crop:
1. Desi Chickpea: This variety is a key native variety of Bengal gram and is commonly grown in the Indian subcontinent, particularly in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Desi chickpeas have small, dark brown seeds and a higher protein and fiber content compared to other varieties. They are well-suited to heat-stressed environments and are resilient in drought conditions.
2. Kabuli Chickpea: Kabuli chickpeas are larger in size and have a light beige color and a smooth coat. This variety is widely grown in the Middle East, Mediterranean regions, and parts of North America. Kabuli chickpeas have a milder flavor and are commonly used in salads, stews, and for making hummus.
3. Pusa 362: This is a high-yielding desi variety developed by the Indian Agricultural Research Institute. It offers good resistance to diseases such as Fusarium wilt and Ascochyta blight. Pusa 362 has medium-sized, light brown seeds and adapts well to diverse climatic conditions.
4. Pusa 372: Developed for rainfed regions, Pusa 372 is an improved desi variety with good resistance to wilt and root rot diseases. It matures earlier and has moderately sized, light brown seeds. Pusa 372 demonstrates adaptability to varying climates and exhibits high yield potential.
5. DWR 105: Known for its resistance to diseases like Fusarium wilt, DWR 105 is a popular desi variety in India. This early-maturing variety has small, dark brown seeds and offers good yield potential in both irrigated and rainfed conditions.
6. Pusa 1083: Developed by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Pusa 1083 is a promising kabuli variety. It has a bold seed size with an attractive light beige color. Pusa 1083 exhibits disease resistance and high yield potential.
These are just a few examples of the many Bengal gram varieties cultivated worldwide. Each variety has its own unique characteristics, adaptability, and usage preferences. Farmers and researchers continue to develop new varieties with improved traits such as disease resistance, higher yield potential, and tolerance to extreme weather conditions.
Bengal gram holds immense agricultural and gastronomic significance. Apart from being a staple food crop, it also serves as a vital ingredient in a wide range of traditional dishes, snacks, and desserts. Whether it’s the nutty flavor of desi chickpeas or the creamy texture of kabuli chickpeas, Bengal gram has earned a place in the hearts and plates of people across the globe.