Bengal gram, scientifically known as Cicer arietinum, is an important crop that belongs to the legume family. This crop is widely cultivated in many countries, including India, Pakistan, Egypt, and Ethiopia. Bengal gram, also known as chickpea or garbanzo bean, is not only a staple food for millions of people but also serves as a valuable source of income for farmers.
There are several varieties of Bengal gram, each with its own distinct characteristics and adaptability to various environments. These varieties can be categorized based on their growth habits, market preferences, and climate conditions in which they thrive. Here, we will discuss some of the popular varieties of Bengal gram and their key features.
1. Desi Variety:
– This variety is known for its smaller-sized, angular, and dark-brown seeds.
– Desi Bengal gram is predominantly grown in India and is well-adapted to the Indian climate.
– It possesses good resistance to diseases and pests, making it a preferred choice among farmers.
– Desi gram is further classified into various subtypes such as Bombay, Madras, Kanpur, and Bikaner.
2. Kabuli Variety:
– Kabuli Bengal gram is famous for its large-sized, round, and cream-colored seeds.
– This variety is primarily grown in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and parts of India.
– Kabuli gram prefers cooler climates and requires a longer growing season compared to desi varieties.
– Kabuli gram is widely used in the preparation of various dishes and is highly sought after worldwide.
3. Pusa 362 (Bengal Desi):
– Pusa 362 is a high-yielding desi variety developed by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).
– It is known for its good resistance against diseases like fusarium wilt and dry root rot.
– Pusa 362 has a medium maturing period and is suitable for both rainfed and irrigated conditions.
4. Annigeri-1:
– Annigeri-1 is a high-yielding desi variety widely cultivated in Karnataka, India.
– It possesses good drought tolerance and is suitable for rainfed conditions.
– This variety is resistant to diseases like wilt, blight, and dry root rot.
– Annigeri-1 is often preferred by farmers for its remarkable grain quality and yield potential.
5. Sel-3:
– Sel-3 is a popular kabuli variety produced through pure line selection.
– It is widely grown in Madhya Pradesh, India, as it performs well under both irrigated and rainfed conditions.
– This variety exhibits tolerance to many diseases and pests, making it a reliable choice for farmers.
It is important for farmers and agricultural enthusiasts to choose the appropriate Bengal gram variety based on their specific requirements, soil type, and prevailing climate in their region. The selection of the right variety can significantly impact the crop yield and overall profitability.
In conclusion, Bengal gram is a versatile crop with numerous varieties that offer distinct characteristics and advantages. Whether it’s the desi or kabuli variety, these crops play a vital role in providing nutrition to millions and contributing to the agricultural economy. By understanding the different features and adaptability of each variety, farmers can make informed decisions and maximize their yields while ensuring food security.