Fertilizers play a crucial role in enhancing the productivity of wheat crops. However, the timing of fertilizer application in wheat crop is equally important as the quantity and type of fertilizer used. Proper timing ensures that the crop receives the optimum amount of nutrients at each growth stage, promoting healthy crop growth and high yields.
The optimal timing of fertilizer application in wheat crop depends on several factors such as soil type, weather conditions, crop stage, and the type of fertilizer used. Usually, wheat crops require two applications of nitrogenous fertilizers. The first application is done at the time of sowing, while the second application is done during the tillering stage, which is typically 25-30 days after sowing.
At the time of sowing, a basal dose of nitrogenous fertilizer is applied, usually in the form of urea. This helps in promoting early growth and development of the crop. However, it should be kept in mind that excessive nitrogen levels at this stage can lead to lodging, i.e. the bending or breaking of plants due to their increased vegetative growth. Therefore, it is recommended to apply 25-30 kg of nitrogen per acre at the sowing stage.
The second application of nitrogen fertilizer is done during the tillering stage. Nitrogen is required for the development of stronger stems, increased root length, and improved tillering capacity. During this stage, wheat plants require around 60-70 kg of nitrogen per acre. However, the exact amount of nitrogen required depends on the prevailing weather conditions and the soil’s nutrient status.
Apart from nitrogen, phosphorus and potash are also essential nutrients for wheat crops. They are usually applied during the sowing stage in addition to nitrogen fertilizer. Phosphorus helps in promoting root growth, while potash is required for improved stem strength and disease resistance. Typically, 20-25 kg of phosphorus and 20-25 kg of potash per acre are recommended at the sowing stage.
In conclusion, proper timing of fertilizer application is essential for ensuring healthy crop growth and high yields in wheat crops. A combination of basal and top dressing of nitrogenous fertilizer, along with appropriate amounts of phosphorus and potash at the appropriate growth stages, will help in achieving optimal crop growth and productivity.