Black gram, scientifically known as Vigna mungo, is a highly nutritious and widely cultivated pulse crop that is native to the Indian subcontinent. It is an important part of the traditional Indian cuisine and is widely consumed as dal, which is a popular dish in many Indian households. Black gram is not only rich in essential nutrients like proteins, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals, but it also offers several health benefits. In order to maximize the yield and quality of the crop, it is important to choose suitable black gram varieties based on their characteristics.
1. T-9:
T-9 is an early-maturing black gram variety that is commonly grown in India. It takes around 65 to 70 days to reach maturity. This variety has a bushy growth habit and produces medium-sized seeds. T-9 is known for its high yield potential and tolerance to various climatic conditions, making it suitable for cultivation in diverse regions.
2. TAU-1:
TAU-1 is a popular variety that is well adapted to both rainy and post-rainy seasons. It is moderately resistant to pests and diseases and has good adaptability to various soil types. TAU-1 typically takes 75 to 80 days to reach maturity. It produces medium-sized seeds and is known for its good cooking quality.
3. ADT 3:
ADT 3 is a black gram variety that is suitable for cultivation in the southern states of India. It is a popular choice due to its high yield potential and tolerance to waterlogging conditions. ADT 3 takes approximately 70 to 75 days to mature and has a spreading growth habit. It produces bold-sized, shiny black seeds that are preferred in the market.
4. PU-30:
PU-30 is a late-maturing black gram variety that takes around 80 to 85 days to reach maturity. It has a semi-erect growth habit and is known for its high yield potential even under dry and rainfed conditions. PU-30 produces medium-sized, bold seeds and has good resistance against diseases like powdery mildew and yellow mosaic virus.
5. T-21:
T-21 is an elite variety of black gram that has gained popularity in recent years due to its high yield potential and adaptability to different agro-climatic conditions. It has a determinate bushy growth habit and takes around 70 to 75 days to mature. T-21 produces medium-sized black seeds that have good cooking quality.
When selecting a black gram variety, it is important to consider factors such as yield potential, adaptability to local growing conditions, disease resistance, seed size, and cooking quality. By choosing suitable varieties based on these characteristics, farmers can ensure a successful and profitable black gram cultivation.
In conclusion, black gram is a highly nutritious pulse crop that offers several health benefits. To maximize its yield and quality, it is crucial to select suitable varieties based on their characteristics. Varieties like T-9, TAU-1, ADT 3, PU-30, and T-21 are popular choices known for their high yield potential, adaptability, disease resistance, and desirable seed characteristics. By making informed choices, farmers can enjoy successful black gram cultivation and contribute to fulfilling the growing demand for this nutritious legume.