Berseem is a popular crop used as a forage crop for livestock in various regions of the world. It is known for its high yield, nutritive value, and compatibility with other rotational crops. However, stem rot is one of the critical diseases that affect this crop, leading to significant losses in terms of yield and quality. Here are some management strategies that farmers can use to control stem rot in berseem crop.
1. Crop rotation
Crop rotation remains one of the most effective ways to manage stem rot. It is advisable to rotate berseem crop with non-susceptible crops such as maize, wheat, or other winter cereal grains. Rotation breaks the life cycle of the pathogen, thus lowering its population and reducing the likelihood of infection by the pathogen.
2. Disease-free seeds
Planting disease-free seeds is also crucial in controlling stem rot. Farmers must ensure that they source berseem seeds from reputable suppliers who can provide seeds free from pathogens. Seed treatment is another option where seeds are treated with fungicides before planting.
3. Proper irrigation and water management
Stem rot thrives in moisture, and therefore it’s essential to manage water effectively. Over-watering must be avoided since it creates conditions that are favorable for the pathogen to thrive. Farmers are advised to practice drip irrigation, which reduces water use and creates a dry environment, which is unsuitable for the pathogen.
4. Crop sanitation
Crop sanitation is the process of removing and disposing of infected plant residues to minimize the likelihood of a new infection. Farmers should remove all infected plant parts and destroy them to prevent the spread of the pathogen to other parts of the farm. Sanitation includes cleaning of tools and equipment used during harvesting and pruning to avoid spreading the pathogen.
5. Chemical control
Chemical control involves the use of fungicides to control stem rot. However, this should be a last resort when other integrated management strategies fail. Farmers are advised to use fungicides with a broad spectrum of activity and of high quality to avoid resistant strains of the pathogen.
In conclusion, the management of stem rot in berseem crop is achievable if farmers embrace an integrated management approach. Effective management of the disease involves cultural practices such as crop rotation, seed treatment, and proper irrigation and sanitation. Chemical control should be used sparingly where other methods have failed. Farmers who adopt these strategies and are keen to monitor their crops can enjoy a healthy crop, leading to higher yields and better quality.