Gram, also known as chickpea, is a staple food crop grown in many parts of the world. It is an important source of protein, fiber, and other essential nutrients. However, the gram crop is susceptible to many diseases and pests that can adversely affect its performance and yield. One effective way to manage these challenges is through seed treatment.
Seed treatment is the process of applying chemical or biological agents to the seeds before planting. This practice is aimed at eliminating or reducing the harmful effects of soilborne pathogens and pests that can attack the germinating seeds and young seedlings. Seed treatment is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method of crop protection that enhances the productivity of agricultural systems while minimizing the use of pesticides.
The seed treatment of gram involves the application of fungicides or biocontrol agents to the seed to control diseases such as Fusarium wilt, Ascochyta blight, and root rot. Fungicides such as captan, thiram, and carbendazim are commonly used for seed treatment of gram. These chemicals work by inhibiting the growth and development of harmful fungi, thus protecting the seed and seedling from disease infection.
Biocontrol agents are also applied to the gram seed to promote their innate resistance to soilborne pathogens. These agents include Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus spp. These microorganisms compete with the plant pathogens for resources, thereby limiting their growth and development.
In addition to disease control, seed treatment of gram can also involve the application of insecticides to the seed to prevent insect infestation. Carbofuran and imidacloprid are the commonly used insecticides for seed treatment of gram. These chemicals protect the young seedlings from insect damage, particularly from seed-feeding insects such as cutworms and wireworms.
In conclusion, seed treatment is an essential tool for managing diseases and pests in gram production systems. It is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method that enhances the productivity and profitability of the crop. Farmers should adopt seed treatment as part of their crop management practices to increase the yield and quality of their gram crops.