Black gram or urad dal is a highly nutritious pulse crop that is grown extensively in India. Black gram crop plays a significant role in the country’s agricultural economy, providing an important source of protein to millions of people. It is also known as one of the best sources of plant-based protein for vegetarians.
The success of any crop primarily depends on the seed rate and spacing information. Proper seed rate and spacing allow the crop to grow and develop well, resulting in optimum yield. In this article, we will discuss seed rate, spacing information, and other crucial aspects related to black gram cultivation.
Seed rate
The seed rate for black gram varies from 10 to 15 kg per hectare. It is essential to select high-quality seeds to maximize yield. The quality of the seeds will depend on factors such as moisture content, germination percentage, and level of genetic purity.
Spacing
In black gram cultivation, proper spacing of the seeds is essential, which allows the crop to grow uniformly. The recommended spacing is 30 cm × 10 cm, with two seeds per hole. This results in the establishment of around 1,20,000 plants per hectare. Optimal spacing allows for adequate ventilation, which helps to reduce diseases and pests.
Sowing
Black gram crop requires well-drained soil with a neutral pH of 6.0-7.5. The optimal time for sowing black gram is in the months of June-July, which is after the first monsoon showers. The depth of sowing should be around 3-5 cm, and the seed-to-soil contact must be maintained to provide uniform germination.
Fertilization
Black gram is a leguminous crop and fixes atmospheric nitrogen naturally. However, it still requires some fertilizers to supplement its nutritional requirements. Apply 10-15 kg of Nitrogen, 40 kg of Phosphorus and 20-25 kg of Potassium per hectare of black gram crop.
Irrigation
In black gram cultivation, irrigation is crucial for proper growth and development of the plant. The crop requires water at regular intervals. Over-irrigation can lead to soil erosion and nutrient leaching. Hence, the frequency and amount of irrigation must be monitored to avoid water logging.
Crop protection
Black gram crops are susceptible to pests such as aphids, whiteflies, and mites. They can also be affected by fungal diseases such as powdery mildew, wilt, and anthracnose. Adopting an integrated pest management (IPM) approach can help manage the pests and diseases effectively.
In conclusion, proper seed rate and spacing are essential for black gram cultivation. By following the recommended seed rate and spacing information, farmers can achieve optimal yield, which can benefit both the environment and the economy. Apart from the seed rate and spacing, adequate fertilization, right irrigation, and crop protection measures are equally crucial.