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Bengal gram, also known as chickpea or chana, is a popular pulse crop that is widely cultivated for its nutritious seeds. It is not only a staple food in many countries but also serves as an essential ingredient in various culinary dishes. If you are planning to grow Bengal gram and are wondering about the ideal sowing season, this article will provide you with the necessary information.
Bengal gram is predominantly grown in tropical and subtropical regions. It is a cool-season crop, meaning it thrives in moderate temperatures and does not tolerate excessive heat or frost. The sowing season for Bengal gram primarily depends on the climatic conditions of the specific region where you intend to cultivate it.
In most parts of India, the sowing season for Bengal gram starts from October and extends till December. During this time, the monsoon season has usually receded, and the temperature begins to drop, creating a favorable environment for germination and growth. However, it is important to consider the specific climate of your region and adjust the sowing dates accordingly.
The temperature range during the sowing season should ideally be between 20 to 30 degrees Celsius (68-86 degrees Fahrenheit). This range ensures optimum growth and development of the crop. If temperatures exceed this range, it may lead to reduced yields or increased susceptibility to pests and diseases.
Proper soil preparation is crucial for cultivating Bengal gram. The soil should be well-drained with a pH ranging from neutral to slightly acidic. It is advisable to perform a soil test before sowing to determine its fertility and nutrient content. This will help in applying appropriate fertilizers and amendments to enhance the soil quality and productivity.
When sowing Bengal gram, the recommended seed rate is around 100-125 kilograms per hectare. It is best to sow the seeds in rows, with a spacing of around 20-25 centimeters between plants. This allows sufficient room for the plants to grow and facilitates easy maintenance and harvesting.
To ensure successful germination, it is essential to provide adequate moisture to the seeds. The first irrigation should be carried out immediately after sowing, followed by subsequent irrigations at regular intervals. However, it is crucial not to overwater the plants as excessive moisture can lead to waterlogging, root rot, and other fungal diseases.
Throughout the growth period, it is crucial to monitor the crop for any signs of pests, diseases, or nutrient deficiencies. Timely application of appropriate pesticides and fertilizers, along with regular weeding and proper crop rotation, can significantly contribute to the health and productivity of your Bengal gram crop.
As the Bengal gram plants mature, they will develop pods containing the precious seeds. Harvesting should be carried out when the pods turn brown and dry. It is important to allow the pods to dry completely before harvesting to avoid any post-harvest losses.
In conclusion, the sowing season for Bengal gram generally ranges from October to December in most regions. However, it is crucial to consider the specific climatic conditions and adjust the sowing dates accordingly. By following the recommended cultivation practices and providing the necessary care, you can expect a successful and rewarding harvest of nutritious Bengal gram seeds.