Plant Growth Retardant Information for Groundnut Crop
Plant growth retardants (PGRs) are chemical substances used to regulate the growth and development of plants. In the context of groundnut (peanut) crop cultivation, PGRs can be used to control excessive vegetative growth, promote inclusive development, induce flowering, and improve crop quality. This article provides information on the types of PGRs, their modes of action, and methods of application for groundnut crop.
Types of Plant Growth Retardants
There are several types of PGRs used in agriculture, including synthetic compounds such as mepiquat chloride, chlormequat chloride, paclobutrazol, trinexapac-ethyl, and daminozide, as well as naturally occurring compounds such as gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Each type of PGR has its unique properties and effects on plant growth.
Modes of Action
The mode of action of PGRs can be classified into three main categories: hormonal, biochemical, and physiological. Hormonal PGRs mimic or inhibit the effects of natural plant hormones, such as GA, which promotes cell elongation, while ABA inhibits growth and promotes stress tolerance. In contrast, biochemical PGRs act on the metabolic pathways of plants, such as paclobutrazol, which inhibits the biosynthesis of gibberellins. Finally, physiological PGRs work by physically altering plant anatomy or structure, such as trinexapac-ethyl, which reduces internode elongation by inhibiting cell division.
Application Methods
PGRs can be applied to groundnut crops at different stages of growth, depending on their intended effect. For example, mepiquat chloride can be applied from the vegetative stage to control excessive plant height, while trinexapac-ethyl can be applied to reduce internode length during the reproductive stage. PGRs can be applied as foliar sprays, soil drenches, or seed treatments, depending on the type of compound and the target plant tissue.
Conclusion
Plant growth retardants can be a valuable tool in groundnut crop management, providing control over growth and development and improving crop quality. However, it is essential to use PGRs in a judicious manner, taking into consideration the crop variety, environmental conditions, and desired outcome. Farmers and agronomists should consult with experts and follow recommended guidelines for PGR application to obtain the best results while minimizing the risk of adverse effects on crop production and quality.