Mustard crop cultivation is a profitable cash crop that is widely grown around the world. It is easy to grow and has a high demand in the market due to its oil, seed, and powder. These products are used in various applications such as cooking, manufacturing of medicines, and others. In this article, we shall discuss essential information about mustard crop cultivation.
Climate and Soil
The ideal climate for growing mustard is semi-arid to sub-humid conditions. It thrives well in a temperature range of 20-30°C. Soil requirements for mustard cultivation are not specific, but the crop grows best in loamy or sandy loam soils. The soil must be well-drained and contain adequate nutrients suitable for the crop’s growth.
Varieties
The mustard plant has three principal varieties namely: black mustard, white mustard, and brown mustard. These varieties differ in their seed and plant characteristics. Black mustard is the most potent variety and is utilized for medicinal purposes. White mustard is mainly used for culinary purposes, including salad dressings, dips, and marinades. Brown mustard provides a pungent and spicy flavor used in meat dishes.
Seeding
For proper seeding, the soil must be adequately tilled and prepared before planting. Seeds can be sown by broadcasting, drill seeding, or raised beds. Spacing between the rows should be 20-30 cm, while the space between plants should be about 10-15 cm. The seeds should be sown at a depth of 2-3 cm.
Fertilization
Mustard crop cultivation requires essential nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus. These nutrients boost the crop’s growth and yield. A balanced fertilizer formula should be used during the crop’s vegetative stage, with emphasis on nitrogen fertilization at the flowering stage. Fertilizer rates should be adjusted based on soil test results.
Weeding and Pest Control
Weed control is crucial in the early stages of cultivation. Any method of weeding can be used, ranging from hand weeding, hoeing, or herbicides. The crop is susceptible to several pests and diseases like aphids, cabbage worm, and white rust. To mitigate their impact, pesticide application is a common method.
Harvesting
Mustard crop can be harvested approximately 100 days after planting. The crop is harvested by cutting the plants at ground level and collecting them for threshing. The seeds are threshed, cleaned, and dried before packing.
Conclusion
Mustard crop cultivation is a profitable and easy-to-grow crop that has numerous benefits. A successful harvest depends on various factors such as climate, soil, seeding, fertilization, pest control, and harvesting. With adequate knowledge and skills, mustard farming can be an excellent investment opportunity for farmers.