Excess water in wheat crop is one of the major causes of crop damage and yield loss. There are various techniques and strategies used in managing excess water during wheat cultivation that farmers can use to ensure high yields. Here are some of the ways to manage excess water in wheat crop:
1. Drainage System: A well-designed drainage system is essential in removing excess water from the soil. Farmers can create drainage channels or ditches to ensure effective water runoff from the fields. Sub-surface drainage is also a great way to remove water from the soil. Farmers can install perforated pipes underground that can drain excess water from the land into an outlet such as a river or a nearby water reservoir.
2. Crop Rotation: Farmers can also practice crop rotation as a way of managing excess water in wheat crop. Alternating wheat with crops that require less water, such as legumes or vegetables, can help to save water and prevent waterlogging. Crop rotation can help to break the weed and disease cycle, besides producing nutritive soil.
3. Planting Depth: The depth at which wheat is planted plays a crucial role in the management of excess water. If wheat is planted at shallow depths, it can be easily damaged by excess water. To avoid this, farmers should plant wheat seeds at a depth of at least 1.5 inches. This ensures that the soil surface layer remains dry and reduces the risk of waterlogging.
4. Select Resistant Varieties: Farmers can use resistant varieties of wheat that are adapted to waterlogging. These varieties have specific genetic adaptations that help them withstand excess water, thus minimizing crop damage and yield loss. Farmers can also seek guidance from agricultural universities or extension services to choose the most appropriate variety for a specific agro-climatic zone.
5. Use of Fertilizers: Applying fertilizers can help to reduce the effects of waterlogging in wheat crops. Inorganic fertilizers, such as nitrogen, promote root growth, and allow better water uptake. However, excessive fertilizer application should be avoided, as it can worsen the effects of waterlogging.
In conclusion, managing excess water in wheat crop is essential in ensuring a high yield and crop survival. Effective management requires a combination of practices and technologies, including crop rotation, the use of resistant varieties, proper planting depth, fertilization, and a well-designed drainage system. Farmers should carefully implement the strategies, based on the unique soil and climatic conditions of their land.