Bengal gram, also known as chickpea or garbanzo bean, is one of the most important legumes grown in India. It is an excellent source of protein, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals. However, the productivity of Bengal gram largely depends on the efficient management of irrigation. In this article, we will discuss the details of irrigation management for Bengal gram crop.
Irrigation Scheduling
The Bengal gram crop requires timely and adequate water supply for optimal growth and development. The irrigation schedule should be planned based on the crop stage, soil moisture status, rainfall, and evapotranspiration rate. The critical stages of irrigation for Bengal gram are pre-emergence, vegetative, flowering, and pod filling stages. It is recommended to irrigate the crop immediately after sowing and then at an interval of 7-10 days until flowering. After flowering, the interval can be increased to 12-15 days. However, excessive irrigation during the pod filling stage may lead to the development of diseases and lodging, so it should be avoided.
Irrigation Methods
The most common irrigation methods used for Bengal gram are surface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, and drip irrigation. Surface irrigation is the most traditional method of irrigation, where water is supplied to the field through furrows or flood irrigation. However, it may result in waterlogging, soil erosion, and inefficient use of water. Sprinkler irrigation is an efficient method of irrigation where water is sprinkled over the field through a network of pipes and sprinklers. This method reduces water loss due to evaporation and leaching but may increase the humidity and temperature in the crop canopy, leading to the development of diseases. Drip irrigation is the most efficient method of irrigation where water is supplied directly to the root zone of the crop through a network of pipes and emitters. This method reduces water loss due to evaporation and leaching and improves the nutrient uptake efficiency of the crop. Drip irrigation also reduces the incidence of diseases and weeds and improves the yield and quality of the crop.
Water Management
Apart from irrigation scheduling and methods, water management also plays a crucial role in the efficient management of irrigation for Bengal gram crop. Proper drainage and soil moisture control are essential for the optimal growth and yield of the crop. The soil should be well-drained and aerated, and the water table should be maintained below the root zone of the crop to avoid waterlogging. Mulching is an effective water management practice that conserves soil moisture, reduces soil erosion, and improves soil fertility.
In conclusion, the management of irrigation plays a vital role in the growth, development, and yield of the Bengal gram crop. The irrigation schedule should be planned based on the crop stage, soil moisture status, and weather conditions. The choice of irrigation methods should be based on the efficiency of water use, crop requirements, and environmental conditions. Proper water management practices should also be followed to ensure the efficient management of irrigation for the Bengal gram crop.