The last irrigation is a crucial step in the cultivation process of wheat crops, and it requires strategic planning to achieve the best results. The correct timing for the last irrigation can vary from region to region and from season to season, and it depends on several factors such as soil type, weather conditions, plant growth stage, and water availability.
The last irrigation for wheat should be done when the crop enters its maturity stage, but before the crop starts to senesce. The maturity stage can be identified by the yellowing and drying of the lower leaves, and the appearance of brownish-black spots on the stem. This stage usually occurs 20-25 days before the harvest, and it is an ideal time for the last irrigation because the plants require less water due to the reduced transpiration rate.
Timing the last irrigation is critical because under-irrigation can lead to yield loss and poor quality, while over-irrigation can cause lodging, disease development, and nutrient leaching. Therefore, it is essential to monitor the soil moisture level and irrigation frequency to ensure the wheat crop receives adequate water at the correct time.
The soil type plays a significant role in determining the water holding capacity and drainage rate, which affects the irrigation requirement and frequency. Clay soils have a high water holding capacity but slow drainage, while sandy soils have low water retention but a fast drainage rate. Therefore, it is essential to adjust the irrigation schedule according to the soil type to avoid waterlogging or drought stress.
The weather conditions, such as rainfall and temperature, also affect the last irrigation timing. If the region receives regular rainfall, the irrigation frequency can be reduced, and the last irrigation can be done earlier. In contrast, if the temperature is high and the soil moisture level is low, the last irrigation should be delayed to prevent stress and yield loss.
In conclusion, the correct timing for the last irrigation in wheat crops depends on several factors such as plant growth stage, soil type, weather conditions, and water availability. It is crucial to monitor these factors and adjust the irrigation schedule accordingly to achieve the best results in terms of yield and quality. Timely and adequate irrigation can ensure a bountiful harvest and contribute to sustainable agriculture practices.