Manganese is an essential micronutrient required for the growth and development of crops. It plays a crucial role in photosynthesis, enzyme activation, and plant metabolism. Wheat is a staple crop that is highly valued for its nutritional and economic benefits. However, the deficiency of manganese in wheat plants can reduce the yield and quality of the crop. Therefore, it is important to understand the causes, symptoms, and control measures of manganese deficiency in wheat crops.
Causes of Manganese Deficiency in Wheat Crop:
Manganese deficiency can occur due to several factors such as soil pH, soil texture, soil organic matter, and excess moisture. The following are some of the common causes of manganese deficiency in wheat crops:
1. Soil pH: Manganese availability is influenced by soil pH. In alkaline soils, manganese is less available to plants, which can result in manganese deficiency.
2. Soil Texture: Soil texture can also influence manganese availability. Sandy soils have lower manganese retention capacity and are prone to deficiency, while clayey soils can hold more manganese, reducing the chances of deficiency.
3. Soil Organic Matter: Soil organic matter (SOM) has a significant impact on manganese availability. Soils with low SOM content have less available manganese, leading to the deficiency.
4. Excess Moisture: Excessive water in the soil can cause manganese to become unavailable to the plant, leading to deficiency.
Symptoms of Manganese Deficiency in Wheat Crop:
Manganese deficiency symptoms in wheat crops can vary depending on the severity of the deficiency. The most common symptoms are as follows:
1. Interveinal chlorosis or yellow striping between the veins of young leaves.
2. The color of the leaves gradually turns from yellow to white, and the leaves may also become brittle and curl inwards.
3. The growth of plants slows down, and the plant may appear stunted.
4. The stem and root system may become weak and brittle, and the flowers may fail to develop normally.
Control Measures for Manganese Deficiency in Wheat Crop:
The following are some of the effective control measures for manganese deficiency in wheat crops:
1. Soil Testing: The first step in controlling manganese deficiency is to conduct a soil test to determine the soil’s pH value, nutrient levels, and other soil properties. Based on the results, farmers can apply lime to increase soil pH, apply organic matter to improve soil fertility, and apply manganese fertilizers to correct manganese deficiency.
2. Foliar Application: Foliar application of manganese can be an effective way to address deficiency symptoms. Farmers can apply a mixture of manganese sulphate and water to the leaves of the plants. The application must be done when the plants are not under stress and when there is no rain expected for 24 hours.
3. Crop Rotation: Crop rotation can help to reduce the manganese deficiency by breaking the disease cycle. Wheat crops should be rotated with other crops that have a different nutrient requirement.
In conclusion, manganese deficiency can have a significant impact on the growth and yield of wheat crops. Fortunately, several control measures can be implemented to address the issue. By following a balanced fertilization program, applying foliar sprays, and rotating crops, farmers can ensure a healthy and productive wheat crop.