Mangoes are one of the most popular tropical fruits, loved for their sweet and juicy flesh. However, like any crop, mango trees can be susceptible to various diseases and disorders, malformation being one of the most common. Malformation affects the growth and development of mango trees, resulting in deformed fruits, stunted growth, and reduced yield. In this article, we will explore some important information regarding the control of malformation in mango.
What is Mango Malformation?
Mango malformation, also known as Witches’ Broom or Rosette, is a disorder that affects the vegetative and reproductive parts of the mango tree. It is caused by a phytoplasma, a type of plant pathogen. The disease is transmitted through infected plant material, grafting, or by insect vectors such as aphids. Once a tree is infected, the malformation symptoms start appearing within a few months.
Identifying Mango Malformation:
The most evident symptom of malformation is the proliferation of shoots in an abnormal manner. Infected branches exhibit clustering of shoots, resembling brooms or a rosette, hence the name Witches’ Broom or Rosette. The leaves on these shoots are densely arranged, smaller in size, and often pale or yellowish. The affected flowers become sterile or produce deformed fruits. Infected trees also show stunted growth, reduced vigor, and yield decline.
Controlling Mango Malformation:
Preventing malformation is always better than attempting to control it. Here are some strategies to help control the disease:
1. Selection of Disease-Free Planting Material: To minimize the risk of introducing malformation into your orchard, make sure to procure mango seedlings from reputable nurseries that follow disease management practices.
2. Sanitation: Regularly remove and destroy any infected plant material, including malformed shoots, flowers, and fruits. This helps reduce the source of infection and the spread of the pathogen.
3. Pruning: Prune infected branches and shoots from affected trees, making sure to sterilize your pruning tools after each cut. This will help control the proliferation of the disease.
4. Insect Control: Some insects, like aphids, can transmit the malformation pathogen from infected to healthy trees. Implementing effective insect control measures will aid in reducing disease transmission.
5. Sterilization and Disinfection: Ensure proper hygiene practices when working with mango trees. Sterilize grafting tools, pruning shears, and other equipment before and after use to prevent spreading the disease to other trees.
6. Chemical Control: Although chemically controlling phytoplasma infections is challenging, some studies suggest that certain antibiotics or plant growth regulators may offer some level of control. Consult with agricultural experts or horticulturists for guidance on specific chemical treatments.
It’s important to note that there is no known cure for mango malformation, and prevention and control measures are primarily the best defense against the disease.
In conclusion, malformation in mango trees can significantly impact yield and quality. Implementing good orchard management practices, such as using disease-free planting material, proper sanitation, pruning, insect control, and sterilization, can help control the spread of malformation and minimize its impact. By following appropriate measures and seeking advice from professionals, you can protect your mango orchard and ensure healthy and productive trees.