Iron deficiency is a common problem in paddy cultivation. Lack of iron in the soil affects the growth and yield of the plant, decreasing it drastically. Paddy being the staple crop in many countries, including India, addressing this issue becomes crucial. Here are some ways in which iron deficiency in paddy can be controlled.
1. Soil amendments: Iron sulfate or iron chelates can be added to the soil to help in the absorption of iron by the plant. These can be added evenly to the soil, taking care not to add too much as it can lead to toxicity in the crop.
2. Organic matter: Incorporating organic matter into the soil can help to boost the iron levels in the soil. Organic matter contains various nutrients, including iron, which can contribute to the growth of paddy plants. Therefore, farmers should adopt practices to add these organic matter in the soil, like green manuring, crop rotation or mixed cropping with legumes.
3. Foliar fertilizers: Iron can also be applied as a foliar spray to the paddy plants. This helps because it is absorbed rapidly and directly by the plant. The spray consists of iron sulfate, which is applied when the paddy plants are in their vegetative growth stage. It helps to enhance the greenness of the plant and prevent it from turning yellowish, one of the common symptoms of iron deficiency in paddy.
4. Crop rotation: Rotating paddy with other crops that demand less iron from the soil can be an effective way to reduce the depletion of the nutrient. The alternate crop should be suitable for the soil and climate of the region while replenishing the soil with other micronutrients and organic matter.
5. pH adjustment: Iron is best absorbed at a pH level of between 5.5 and 6.5. Therefore, farmers should monitor the pH level in the soil and adjust it accordingly. Liming the soil can help to adjust the pH and make the soil more conducive to the growth and absorption of iron.
In conclusion, preventing and controlling iron deficiency in paddy is essential to achieve optimal yield and quality of the crops. Through soil amendments, organic matter addition, foliar fertilizers, crop rotation, and pH adjustment, farmers can ensure that their paddy plants grow and develop healthily. Implementing these practices and appreciating the value of correcting iron deficiency will lead to higher harvests and earnings for the farmer.