Para wilt, also known as Fusarium wilt, is a soil-borne disease that affects cotton plants. It is caused by a fungus called Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. The disease is prevalent in areas with warm temperatures and high humidity. The disease can cause significant yield losses if left untreated. In this article, we will discuss the information regarding the control of para wilt in cotton.
Symptoms of Para Wilt
The first symptoms of para wilt are yellowing and wilting of lower leaves. As the disease progresses, the plant becomes stunted, and leaves dry out and fall off. The vascular tissue of the plant turns brown and can be seen on the stem if the plant is cut open. The disease can also cause premature death of the plant.
Control of Para Wilt in Cotton
1. Crop Rotation:
Crop rotation is an effective method to control para wilt. Cotton should not be planted in a field where para wilt has occurred for at least five years. This will reduce the population of the pathogen in the soil.
2. Use Resistant Varieties:
Planting resistant varieties is an effective way to control para wilt. Many cotton varieties have been developed with resistance to para wilt. These varieties should be planted in areas where para wilt is prevalent.
3. Fungicides:
Fungicides can be used to control para wilt. Fungicides should be applied at the first sign of symptoms to prevent the disease from spreading. The most effective method of fungicide application is through a drip irrigation system.
4. Soil Treatment:
Soil treatment with fungicides such as methyl bromide can also be effective in controlling para wilt. Soil fumigation can be done before planting cotton. This method is expensive and should only be used in severe cases.
5. Cultural Practices:
Several cultural practices can be implemented to control para wilt. These include proper irrigation, crop spacing, and weed control. Plants should be regularly monitored for signs of disease, and infected plants should be removed from the field.
Conclusion
Para wilt is a significant disease that can cause significant yield losses in cotton. It is important to implement proper control measures to prevent the disease from spreading. Crop rotation, use of resistant varieties, fungicides, soil treatment, and cultural practices can be effective in controlling para wilt. Farmers should regularly monitor their fields and take prompt action if signs of para wilt are observed.