Berseem is a widely cultivated forage crop in many parts of the world, especially in India, Pakistan, and Egypt. It is a highly nutritious crop that is rich in protein and is an excellent source of fodder for livestock. However, berseem crops are prone to manganese deficiency, which can significantly reduce yields and impact the nutritional profile of the crop. Therefore, it is essential to understand the causes of manganese deficiency in berseem crops and how to control it.
Causes of Manganese Deficiency in Berseem Crops
The main cause of manganese deficiency in berseem crops is soil pH. Berseem crops prefer a slightly acidic to neutral soil pH of 6.0 to 6.8. When the soil pH is too low or too high, it can cause manganese deficiency in the crop. Soil temperature and moisture levels can also affect the availability of manganese in the soil. Flooded or waterlogged soils can result in manganese deficiency as it enhances the growth of harmful bacteria that deplete the soil of important micronutrients like manganese.
Symptoms of Manganese Deficiency in Berseem Crops
The symptoms of manganese deficiency in berseem crops are evident in the leaves, resulting in a loss of green color. The young leaves appear yellow and progressively become pale as the deficiency worsens. The leaves may also develop brown, necrotic spots, and might curl. The plant may also develop a stunted growth pattern, and the yield can be significantly impacted.
Control of Manganese Deficiency in Berseem Crops
To control manganese deficiency in berseem crops, it’s important to monitor soil pH and ensure that it’s within the range of 6.0 to 6.8. If soil pH is too low or too high, it needs correction using soil amendments like lime or sulfur. Also, maintain soil temperature and moisture levels by ensuring proper drainage to prevent waterlogging on the farm. It is advisable to apply manganese fertilizer to the soil when planting or during the crop’s vegetative stage. This practice can help augment the soil’s manganese levels and meet the crop’s nutritional requirements.
In conclusion, manganese deficiency is a significant problem for berseem farming, but it’s manageable through careful management of soil pH, moisture levels, and temperature. Applying manganese fertilizer in the soil can help increase manganese availability, improve crop yield, and nutrient content. It’s essential to consult your local agriculture extension office or a certified agronomist if you suspect manganese deficiency in your crops for expert advice on the best control measures to apply.