As the monsoon season comes to an end, farmers gear up for the planting of gram crops (chickpeas). However, with the onset of winter, a new challenge arises- the infestation of caterpillars on the crops. These pests can cause significant damage to the crops by feeding on the leaves and young puds, leading to yield and quality reduction.
Hence, it is crucial to identify the types of caterpillars and implement proactive measures to control the infestation. The three most common types of caterpillars that attack gram are – armyworms, cutworms, and helicoverpa armigera.
Armyworms are the most destructive and can completely defoliate the crop within a short period. One way to identify an armyworm infestation is to locate them just below the surface of the soil during early morning hours foraging on vegetation. The recommended control measure is to apply insecticides at an early stage of infestation or use biological control methods such as the use of viral sprays.
Cutworms, on the other hand, are nocturnal pests that feed on gram crops at night. They tend to chew off the tender stems of the plants while hiding during day time to avoid detection. To control cutworms, it’s necessary to apply insecticides late in the day or night so that they come in contact with the pests. Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) is a biological method that includes spraying a bacterial agent that affects the pest’s digestive system, ensuring the crop’s protection.
Helicoverpa armigera is a type of caterpillar that is yellow and has black dots. They feed on leaves, flowers and pods of the gram crops. Their infestation can result in burnt leaves and flower formation malformation. To prevent their spread, farmers should spray insecticides on leaves and pods.
The use of birdhouses and cultivation of marigold on crop boundaries can be an effective natural way to control pests. Birdhouses attract birds that feed on caterpillars, while the intense smell of marigold acts as a deterrent for pests.
In summary, early detection and prompt action are critical to prevent caterpillar infestation of gram crops. Integrated pest management, which combines the use of chemical, biological and natural methods, is the best approach to control pests and protect crops. With the correct preventive measures, farmers can ensure a healthy and bountiful crop harvest.