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Mustard is a widely grown oilseed crop in India, with a significant contribution to the country’s economy. Mustard seeds contain oil, protein, and dietary fiber, making it a valuable crop for both food and non-food industries. The crop has high adaptability to varied climatic conditions and soil types, making it an ideal choice for cultivation in many regions of India. Two main types of mustard grown in India are Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) and Brown mustard (Brassica nigra).
Varieties of Mustard:
There are many varieties of mustard available for cultivation in India, each with different growth habits and characteristics. Some of the popular varieties in India include Pusa Bold, Pusa Jaikisan, RH 30, and Varuna. Here’s a brief description of each variety:
1. Pusa Bold: This variety is widely grown in the northwestern plains of India and is known for its high yield potential and oil content. It is a semi-erect plant, making it easy to harvest.
2. Pusa Jaikisan: This variety is also grown in northwestern India and has high yield potential. It is a semi-erect plant with good resistance to diseases and pests.
3. RH 30: This variety is grown in the northeastern and eastern parts of India and is known for its high oil content. It is a late-maturing plant with good adaptability to varying climatic conditions.
4. Varuna: This variety is grown in the northwestern and central parts of India and is known for its high yield potential and oil content. It is a semi-erect plant with good resistance to lodging.
Fertilizer Management in Mustard Crop:
Fertilizer management in mustard crop is essential for achieving high yield potential and quality seeds. Mustard crops require different nutrients at different stages of growth. Here are some important guidelines to follow for proper fertilizer management in mustard crop cultivation:
1. Soil Testing: Conduct a soil test to determine the soil’s nutrient status, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC). Based on the results, the appropriate fertilizers and rates can be determined.
2. Nitrogen: Mustard crops require nitrogen for vegetative growth and seed production. Nitrogen can be applied in split doses, with the first application at sowing time and the second application at the flowering stage. The recommended dose of nitrogen is 80-100 kg per hectare.
3. Phosphorus: Phosphorus is essential for root development and early growth stages. It should be applied before sowing, preferably at least two weeks before sowing. The recommended dose of phosphorus is 40-60 kg per hectare.
4. Potassium: Potassium is important for seed filling and oil content. It should be applied at the sowing time. The recommended dose of potassium is 40-60 kg per hectare.
5. Micronutrients: Mustard crops require micronutrients like zinc, boron, and sulfur. They can be applied as foliar sprays or incorporated into the soil at the appropriate stage.
In conclusion, proper variety selection and fertilizer management play a vital role in achieving high yield potential and quality seeds in mustard crop cultivation. By following the guidelines mentioned above, farmers can ensure healthy plant growth and a successful harvest.