Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for the growth and development of plants since it plays a crucial role in various physiological processes. Zinc deficiency in plants can significantly impact yield, quality, and nutritional value. Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops globally, and zinc deficiency in wheat is a common problem in many countries.
Several strategies have been proposed to control zinc deficiency in wheat, including genetic, agronomic, and soil management practices.
Genetic approaches involve the development of wheat varieties that have enhanced zinc uptake or utilization efficiency. For instance, researchers have identified several genes involved in the uptake and translocation of zinc in wheat. These genes could be used to develop wheat varieties that have improved zinc uptake and utilization efficiency. Scientists have also reported a positive correlation between grain yield and zinc content, indicating that increasing productivity could also help enhance zinc accumulation in grain.
Agronomic practices include the use of zinc fertilizers, crop rotation, and intercropping. Zinc fertilizers such as zinc sulfate or zinc oxide can be applied to the soil to increase zinc availability to plants. Crop rotation and intercropping involve rotating or planting crops that have a higher zinc uptake capacity than wheat, such as legumes like soybean or chickpea, to enrich the soil with zinc.
Soil management practices involve improving soil fertility and reducing soil acidity, which can inhibit zinc uptake by plants. Soil pH should be maintained between 6 and 7, and liming can be used to reduce soil acidity. Organic matter amendments can also improve soil fertility and water holding capacity, which can enhance zinc uptake by plants.
In conclusion, controlling zinc deficiency in wheat requires a multi-pronged approach. Genetic, agronomic, and soil management practices can be used in combination to increase zinc uptake and utilization efficiency in wheat, resulting in higher yield, better quality, and improved nutritional value. Such strategies can play a crucial role in improving food security and alleviating malnutrition, especially in developing countries.