Black gram, scientifically known as Vigna mungo, is a vital pulse crop that is widely cultivated in various parts of Asia. It is highly valued for its multiple health benefits and its versatility in cooking. To obtain a successful black gram harvest, it is essential to pay careful attention to the sowing time and choose the appropriate varieties depending on the region. This article will provide valuable information about the sowing time and varieties of black gram.
Sowing time plays a crucial role in determining the productivity and quality of black gram. The ideal sowing time for black gram varies depending on the location and climate. Generally, black gram sowing should take place between May and July during the summer season. The crop requires warm and humid conditions with optimal temperatures ranging between 28 to 35 degrees Celsius. It is essential to avoid extreme temperatures, heavy rainfall, or frost during the sowing period as it can adversely affect the growth and development of the black gram crop.
Now, let’s delve into the different varieties of black gram:
1. T-9: This variety is widely preferred by farmers due to its consistent performance in various agro-climatic conditions. T-9 matures in approximately 80-85 days and possesses good lodging resistance. It is known for its high yield potential and adaptability to different soil types.
2. PDU-1: Developed by the Punjab Agricultural University, PDU-1 is a popular variety known for its early maturity, usually within 70-75 days. It exhibits good resistance against diseases and pests, making it a reliable choice for farmers.
3. ADT-3: ADT-3 is a dwarf variety suitable for both sowing in late summer and winter seasons. It matures within 75-80 days and possesses high yield potential. This variety is well-known for its resistance against yellow mosaic virus, a common disease that affects black gram.
4. KU-5: This variety is gaining popularity among farmers for its high yield potential and tolerance to drought conditions. KU-5 matures within 70-75 days and has excellent resistance against various diseases, such as powdery mildew and bacterial leaf spot.
5. Suyash: Developed by the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Suyash is a semi-determinate variety and ideal for intercropping with other crops. It matures within 75-80 days and exhibits good resistance against various pests and diseases.
It’s important to note that while these varieties are widely cultivated and have shown good agronomic characteristics, farmers should consult local agricultural authorities or experts to determine the most suitable variety for their specific region.
In conclusion, black gram is a highly beneficial pulse crop, and its successful cultivation depends on selecting the appropriate sowing time and variety. Farmers should ensure that the sowing is done during the summer season, between May and July, in warm and humid conditions, avoiding extreme weather conditions. Selecting the right variety, such as T-9, PDU-1, ADT-3, KU-5, or Suyash, is crucial for maximizing yield and disease resistance. By considering these factors, farmers can achieve a successful black gram harvest and contribute to the overall pulse crop production.