Sure! Here’s an article on sowing time and varieties of black gram:
Title: A Comprehensive Guide to Sowing Time and Varieties of Black Gram
Introduction:
Black gram, also known as urad bean or mungo bean, is a highly nutritious and staple pulse crop grown in several parts of the world. It holds immense importance in many cuisines and is widely cultivated for its protein-rich seeds. In this article, we will explore crucial information regarding the optimal sowing time and various popular varieties of black gram.
Sowing Time for Black Gram:
Determining the right sowing time is critical for the successful cultivation of black gram. The ideal sowing time may vary depending on the region and climate. Generally, black gram requires warm and humid weather conditions, making it predominantly a summer crop. However, it can also be grown during the mild winter season with appropriate management practices.
1. Summer Season (March to May): In regions with high temperatures during summer, sowing black gram during this period is recommended. The availability of longer daylight hours and higher temperatures favor crop growth. It is important to ensure that soil moisture is maintained during this period.
2. Winter Season (September to November): In areas with mild winter conditions, black gram can be sown during this time. However, care must be taken to protect the crop from potential frost damage. Adequate irrigation and frost protection measures, such as covering the plants during cold nights, are key considerations.
Varieties of Black Gram:
Black gram offers numerous varieties, each with its unique characteristics, adaptability, and agronomic traits. Here are some notable varieties:
1. T9 (Tirupati-9): T9 is a high-yielding black gram variety with a maturity period of 70 to 75 days. It possesses excellent resistance against diseases like powdery mildew and mung bean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV). T9 is known for its good seed quality and suitability for both summer and winter seasons.
2. ADT-5 (Coimbatore-1): ADT-5 is a popular variety developed by the Agricultural Research Station in Coimbatore, India. It exhibits resistance to major diseases like root rot and MYMV. It has a maturity duration of 70 to 75 days, making it suitable for both summer and winter cultivation.
3. UPU-2 (Uttar Pradesh Urd Promotion Unit-2): UPU-2 is a high-yielding variety developed by the Kanpur-based CS Azad University of Agriculture and Technology. It has a shorter maturity period of around 55 to 60 days, making it ideal for early sowing during summers. UPU-2 is widely appreciated for its yield potential.
4. Vamban-2: Vamban-2 is a recently developed black gram variety suitable for both rainfed and irrigated conditions. It is known for its tolerance to drought and powdery mildew. With a maturity period of 80 to 85 days, Vamban-2 is capable of producing good-quality seeds and high yields.
Conclusion:
Black gram is a highly versatile and nutritious crop that thrives in warm and humid conditions. By selecting the appropriate sowing time and suitable varieties, farmers can ensure a successful harvest and maximize their yields. The mentioned varieties, along with many others, offer agronomic traits that cater to diverse cultivation conditions. It is advisable for farmers to consult with local agricultural experts or extension services to determine the most suitable varieties and sowing time based on their specific location and climate.