Groundnut, also known as peanut, is an economically important crop grown in different parts of the world. It is a major source of edible oil and protein for both humans and animals. One of the important factors that determine the yield of groundnut is the seed rate. Seed rate refers to the amount of seed required per unit area for optimal plant growth and yield.
The recommended seed rate for groundnut varies depending on the planting method, soil type, and climate. Typically, the seed rate for groundnut ranges from 80 to 120 kg per hectare or 30 to 50 kg per acre. However, the seed rate also depends on the seed size and germination rate. For instance, if the seed is of small size and low germination rate, then a higher seed rate may be required to achieve optimal plant population density.
In general, groundnut can be planted either by broadcasting or by line sowing. Broadcasting involves scattering the seeds over the land without any specific arrangement, while line sowing involves sowing the seeds in rows with a specific spacing between them. The recommended seed rate for broadcasting is higher than that for line sowing due to the lack of seed placement control in broadcasting. For line sowing, the seed rate should be calculated based on the row spacing and the distance between plants within the row, which varies depending on the cultivar and the intended use of the crop.
One important aspect of seed rate in groundnut cultivation is the seed treatment before planting. The seed can be treated with appropriate fungicides and insecticides to prevent fungal and insect attacks during germination and early growth. Seed treatment also helps to improve seedling vigour and reduce seedling mortality, which ultimately leads to better plant stand and higher yield.
In conclusion, seed rate is a crucial factor in groundnut cultivation that requires careful consideration for optimal yield and profitability. Farmers need to choose the appropriate seed rate based on the planting method, soil type, climatic conditions, cultivar, and seed size and germination rate. Moreover, seed treatment is a key practice that helps to ensure healthy seedlings and higher crop productivity.