Pigeon pea or Cajanus cajan is a popular crop grown for its protein-rich seeds. However, pigeon pea crops are also susceptible to several insect pests that can cause significant yield losses if not managed properly. Plant protection measures are therefore crucial to control these pests and ensure a healthy pigeon pea crop.
Some of the common insect pests that attack pigeon pea crops include pod borers, stem borers, leaf-eating caterpillars, aphids, whiteflies, and thrips. Here are some effective plant protection measures to control these pests:
1. Cultural control: This involves implementing practices that reduce the pest population. For instance, planting resistant pigeon pea varieties or growing companion crops that repel the pests. Crop rotation and intercropping with leguminous crops such as cowpeas can also help control pests.
2. Biological control: This approach involves the use of natural enemies like predators and parasites to control pests. Farmers can introduce parasitoids such as Trichogramma and Braconids to control pod borers. Predators like lady beetles and lacewings can also control aphids and thrips.
3. Chemical control: Pesticides can also be used to control pests. However, this should be done sparingly and as a last resort as it can have negative impacts on the environment and non-target organisms. Farmers should always use pesticides that are specific to the pest and apply them according to the recommended dosage.
4. Physical control: Physical control measures include handpicking and destroying infected plant parts, using sticky traps to capture flying insects, and placing polythene bags on young pods to protect them from pod borer damage.
5. Monitoring and early detection: Farmers should monitor their pigeon pea crops regularly to detect any signs of pest infestation early. This will enable them to take appropriate measures to control the pests before they cause significant damage.
In conclusion, controlling insect pests in pigeon pea crops is crucial for achieving a good yield and maximizing income for farmers. Therefore, farmers should employ a combination of plant protection measures to control the pests and ensure a healthy crop.