Kharif crop is a term used in India to describe the monsoon season crops. These crops are usually sown during the months of June and July and are harvested between September and October. The word “Kharif” is derived from the Arabic language and means autumn.
Kharif crops are mainly grown in southern and central parts of India where the rainfall is heavy. They are usually grown in low-lying areas that are rich in alluvial soil. The crops are generally known for their high yield and contribute significantly to the Indian agriculture sector.
The most important kharif crops include rice, maize, bajra, jowar, ragi, sugarcane, cotton, sesame, groundnut, turmeric, and chillies. Rice is the most important kharif crop and is grown mainly in the eastern and southern parts of India. Maize is also a popular kharif crop and is grown in almost all parts of the country.
Bajra and jowar are both millet crops that are grown in the dry regions of India. These crops are very hardy and can withstand drought and heat. Sugarcane is another important kharif crop that is mainly grown in the western and southern parts of India.
Cotton is a cash crop and is grown for its fibre. It is mainly grown in the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Andhra Pradesh. Sesame is another important kharif crop and is grown for its oil. Groundnut is another popular crop that is grown for its oil and nutrition value.
Turmeric and chillies are both spice crops. Turmeric is mainly grown in the southern parts of India while chillies are grown in almost all parts of the country.
Overall, kharif crops play a vital role in the Indian economy and contribute significantly to food security and the livelihoods of many farmers. The crops are highly dependent on the monsoon and any deviation in rainfall patterns can significantly affect their yields. However, with the use of improved farming techniques and technology, farmers are now able to reduce the impact of weather variability and increase their yields.