Mustard is a winter crop that is grown extensively in northern India. The crop is vulnerable to fungal diseases such as white rust, downy mildew and Alternaria blight. These diseases can cause significant damage to the crop if left uncontrolled. Here is some information on how to control fungal diseases in mustard crop.
1. Use disease-resistant varieties: Use mustard varieties that are resistant to fungal diseases. There are many varieties available that have been developed through breeding and genetic engineering. These varieties have a higher resistance to diseases and can withstand attacks better than other varieties.
2. Crop rotation: Practice crop rotation in your farm. Fungal spores remain in the soil and can infect the crop during the next cropping season. Crop rotation helps to break the disease cycle and reduce the number of fungal spores in the soil.
3. Fungicides: If you notice fungal diseases in your crop, consider the use of fungicides. Fungicides are chemicals that control the growth and spread of fungi. However, it is advisable to use them judiciously as excessive use may lead to development of resistant fungal strains.
4. Maintaining farm hygiene: Maintain good farm hygiene. Keep the field clean and free of weeds. Remove any diseased plants as soon as possible. This will minimize the spread of fungal diseases to healthy plants.
5. Use of bio control agents: Bio control agents such as Trichoderma strains and Pseudomonas aeruginosa can help in controlling fungal diseases. These agents are non-toxic and environmentally friendly. They work by outcompeting the pathogenic fungi for nutrients and space.
6. Cultural practices: Avoid waterlogging the field and control irrigation. Waterlogging increases the humidity levels in the field which is conducive to the growth of fungal diseases. Proper irrigation practices help to keep the crop healthy and disease-free.
In conclusion, controlling fungal diseases in mustard crop requires a holistic approach. This involves the use of resistant varieties, crop rotation, proper farm hygiene, judicious use of fungicides, use of bio control agents and adopting proper cultural practices. By following these practices, you can reduce the incidence and severity of fungal diseases in your mustard crop and ensure a healthy and bountiful harvest.