Stem borer is one of the most harmful pests that attack paddy crop wreaking havoc and leading to massive crop loss. Stem borer larvae move from plant to plant, causing significant damage by consuming the pith of the stem, which results in the breaking of the stem, leading to the death of the plant. It is imperative to control the infestation of stem borers in paddy crop.
Here are some essential steps to control stem borer in paddy crop:
1. Cultural methods: Growers need to change sowing time as per the climate and rain patterns of their region. Stem borers’ infestation is the highest during certain periods; thus, changing sowing time can help in reducing the infestation levels. Also, planting resistant or tolerant paddy varieties is essential. The selection of such varieties can lead to an increase in paddy production.
2. Biological control: Biological control of stem borer involves naturally occurring predators such as parasitoids, birds, and predatory bugs. Parasitoids help in preventing the egg-laying stage of stem borers and reduce the adult emergence. Birds and predatory bugs feed on stem borers and their larvae. The use of biocontrol agents can reduce the dependence on chemical pesticides.
3. Chemical control: Chemical control involves the use of pesticides to control stem borers. The most commonly used stem borer pesticide is carbaryl. However, overuse of pesticides leads to the emergence of resistance of stem borers to chemical control. Pesticides should only be used after a proper assessment of the pest infestation levels. Moreover, they should be used in the correct dose and time.
4. Prevention: Growers can prevent the infestation of stem borers by taking steps such as proper land preparation, timely harvesting, and burning the crop residues after harvesting. These steps help in breaking the pest’s life cycle and reducing the infestation levels.
In conclusion, the control of stem borers in paddy crop is crucial for better crop yield and more substantial support to the livelihood of farmers. A balanced approach of cultural, biological, chemical control, and prevention can significantly help in reducing the pest’s infestation levels and increasing the paddy production. Proper implementation of these steps can go a long way in enhancing the overall productivity and welfare of farmers.