Mango is one of the most popular and widely cultivated fruit trees in the world, and it requires proper care and management to ensure good yield and fruit quality. One of the significant challenges for mango growers is the flower drop phenomenon, which leads to reduced fruit production and overall yield. Flower drop in mango plants can occur due to various reasons, and growers need to be aware of the causes and effective control measures to prevent it.
The flower drop phenomenon in mango plants can be caused by several factors, such as weather conditions, pest infestations, nutrient deficiencies, and hormonal imbalances. High humidity levels, low temperatures, and excessive rainfall can cause flower buds to drop from the tree, affecting fruit production. Similarly, pests like thrips and mites can cause flower drop by feeding on the flowers and damaging the buds. Nutrient deficiencies, especially of phosphorus and zinc, can also lead to flower drop due to poor flower development and growth. Lastly, hormonal imbalances, such as low levels of auxin and high levels of ethylene, can alter the natural flowering cycle of the plant and cause flower drop.
To control flower drop in mango plants, growers need to adopt an integrated pest management approach that involves a combination of cultural, biological, and chemical measures. Cultural methods include maintaining proper soil fertility and moisture levels, pruning and training the tree, and providing sufficient light and ventilation to prevent high humidity levels. Biological control involves using natural enemies of pests, such as predators and parasitoids, to reduce their population and prevent flower damage. Chemical control involves using pesticides and fungicides to control pest infestations and diseases that can cause flower drop. However, growers need to follow the recommended dosage and application methods to avoid overuse and environmental pollution.
In conclusion, flower drop in mango plants is a significant problem for growers, but it can be controlled through proper management practices. Growers need to identify the causes of flower drop and implement effective control measures to prevent it. By adopting an integrated pest management approach that involves cultural, biological, and chemical methods, growers can ensure good yield and quality of mango fruits. It is essential to seek advice from experts in the field and follow the recommended guidelines for best results.