As cotton is a cash crop, it is essential to ensure that its production is maximized. One of the ways to achieve this is by using improved varieties of cotton, such as BT cotton.
BT cotton, also known as genetically modified cotton, has been genetically modified to contain a toxin produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (BT). The toxin is lethal to certain pests, such as the bollworm that damages cotton crops, making BT cotton resistant to pests.
Improved varieties of BT cotton have been developed over the years, with more desirable traits, such as improved yield and disease resistance.
One such variety is Bt Bollgard II. This variety contains two types of BT genes that have been modified to provide resistance against bollworms and other pests. It has been shown to have higher yields than the original Bt cotton variety.
Another improved variety is Bollgard III. This variety contains three types of BT genes, making it more resistant to pests than Bt Bollgard II. Bollgard III has also been shown to have higher yields and a better quality of cotton fiber.
In addition to pest resistance, some varieties of BT cotton have been developed to be resistant to diseases. For example, Bt-RA, developed in India, has been modified to be resistant to a fungus that causes severe damage to cotton crops.
Another significant improvement in BT cotton is the development of herbicide-resistant varieties. This allows farmers to effectively control weeds without damaging the cotton crop. Herbicide-resistant varieties of BT cotton, such as Bollgard HT, have been shown to have higher yields and better weed control.
While some critics argue that genetically modified crops may have long-term effects on the environment, the development of improved varieties of BT cotton has significantly increased cotton production and reduced the use of pesticides.
In conclusion, improved varieties of BT cotton have revolutionized the cotton industry by increasing yield, disease resistance, and pest resistance while reducing damage caused by pesticides. As technology advances, we can expect even more improved varieties to be developed, leading to better and more reliable cotton production.