Certainly, I can write an article on how to increase the growth of Bengalgram crops. Bengalgram is an important pulse crop grown in India, with the potential to increase farmers’ incomes and contribute to food security. However, the yield of Bengalgram is often low due to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Here are some ways to increase the growth of Bengalgram crops:
1. Soil preparation: Bengalgram crops require well-drained soils with a pH between 6.0 to 7.5. Before sowing the seeds, ensure that the land is free from weeds, diseases, and pests. The land should be plowed twice with disc plow and cultivator. The weeds should be removed manually or by using herbicides to prevent competition for nutrients and water.
2. Seed treatment: Treat the seeds with a fungicide to protect them from seed-borne diseases that can affect the germination rate and vigor of the seed. For instance, carbendazim (0.2%) can be used as a seed treatment fungicide. Seed inoculation with Rhizobium bacteria also enhances root nodulation and nitrogen fixation, which in turn improves yield.
3. Proper spacing: The spacing between rows and plants should be 45 cm and 10 cm, respectively, to allow for good air circulation and sunlight penetration. Overcrowding of plants can lead to competition for light, nutrients, and water, which can limit growth and yield potential.
4. Fertilizer management: Fertilize the crop with 20-25 kg of nitrogen, 40-45 kg of phosphorus, and 20-25 kg of potassium per hectare. A well-balanced fertilizer application ensures that the crop has sufficient nutrients for healthy growth and development. It is advisable to split the nitrogen application in two doses, one at the time of sowing and the other after 30 days.
5. Irrigation: Bengalgram crop should be irrigated once a week during the vegetative stage and twice a week during the reproductive stage. Water stress at any stage of growth can lead to poor seed yield and quality. Irrigate the crop judiciously with sufficient water.
6. Pest and disease management: Bengalgram crop is susceptible to various pests and diseases such as root rot, wilt, pod borer, pod fly, and gram chapher. It is advisable to spray insecticides and fungicides at regular intervals to control these pests and diseases.
7. Harvesting: Bengalgram crop is ready for harvest when the pods turn yellow and the seeds rattle inside the pods. Harvest the crop and dry it under shade for a few days. The seeds should be threshed out and cleaned properly.
In conclusion, Bengalgram is an important crop that can provide farmers with a steady income. By following the above steps, farmers can increase the growth of the crop and improve overall yield and quality. It is essential to implement proper crop management practices and provide the crop with adequate nutrition and protection from pests and diseases.