Paddy crop is an essential crop that provides many nutrients to people worldwide. Though it has its share of pests and diseases, fungal attack is one of the most significant issues faced by farmers growing paddy crops. Fungal infections can have a disastrous effect on crops, leading to a significant loss of yield. Fungi selectively attack different parts of the rice plant, and the results can be as varied as reduced growth, decreased yields, and degraded grain quality. Therefore, it is essential to control fungal attacks on paddy to ensure a good harvest. Here are a few strategies to follow to limit the damage caused by fungal infections.
1. Crop Rotation: It is imperative to rotate crops in the field to reduce fungal development. By rotating the crops, it will help to break the disease cycle by depriving the pathogens of their host plant. Paddy fields should have a regular rotation cycle of crops such as pulses, oilseeds, and vegetables.
2.Use of Fungicides: Fungicides are a crucial tool in controlling fungal infections in paddy crops. The use of fungicides helps to suppress or eliminate the fungi that cause diseases. Before using any fungicides, consult with an expert or a certified professional who can provide the correct fungicide use and application dosage. Additionally, choose a fungicide formulation that targets a particular fungus and does not harm surrounding plants and animals.
3.Clean Cultivation: Keep the paddy growing environment clean by removing weeds, graze leftovers, and other debris that can harbor fungal spores or bacteria. Also, clear the surrounding areas and weeds, leaving enough space between fields. It decreases humidity and improves air circulation that can reduce fungal development.
4. Irrigation Management: Adequate and appropriate irrigation can prevent fungal infections. It is vital to choose irrigation techniques that provide regular, uniform, and timely supply of water to paddy fields. Flooding the fields to a depth of 5-10 cm and then drying them out thoroughly can help control rice blast diseases, and the shortage of water can prevent brown leaf spot and bacterial leaf blight.
5.Seed Treatment: Before planting, it is suitable for farmers to disinfect seeds to eliminate fungal spores attached to them. Soaking seeds in hot water at 53-54oC for 10-15 minutes will reduce the risk of bacteria and fungi present on the surface of the seed. Also, treating the seeds with bioagents and chemical fungicides can help prevent the prevalence of fungal diseases in the paddy crops.
In conclusion, controlling fungal attacks in paddy crops is a vital step to ensure healthy and bountiful harvests. Farmers can use crop rotations, fungicides, clean cultivation, irrigation management, and seed treatments to contain disease outbreaks and promote healthy crop growth. While these practices are useful, prevention is always better than cure, and regular monitoring and prompt identification of any signs of fungus attack can save a crop from total destruction.