Fungal Attack and Control Measures for Bengal Gram Crop
Fungal attack is a common problem in Bengal gram crops. This crop is primarily attacked by Fusarium wilt, Botrytis gray mold, and Ascochyta blight, which cause significant yield losses if not controlled. Farmers spend millions of dollars trying to control fungal infections and maintain the quality of the crop. In this article, we will look at the control measures for fungal attack in Bengal gram crop.
Crop Rotation
Crop rotation is one of the most effective management strategies to control fungal diseases in Bengal gram. Crop rotation involves alternating the cultivation of Bengal gram with other legumes like pigeon pea, black gram, green gram, etc., which are less susceptible to fungal infections. Crop rotation improves soil fertility and reduces soil-borne pathogens that cause fungal diseases.
Chemical Control
Chemical control is the use of fungicides to control fungal diseases in Bengal gram crops. Farmers can apply fungicides as a preventive measure or when symptoms of fungal infections appear. However, it is important to follow instructions on the label of the fungicides to prevent phytotoxicity and environmental pollution. Popular fungicides used in the control of fungal diseases in Bengal gram are Mancozeb, Chlorothalonil, Tebuconazole, and Propiconazole.
Seed Treatment
Seed treatment is another effective way to control fungal diseases in Bengal gram. Farmers can treat seeds with chemical or biological fungicides before planting. The treatment ensures that the seeds are not infected with fungal spores, thus reducing the incidence of fungal attack. Popular chemical fungicides used in seed treatments are Thiram, Carbendazim, and Captan.
Sanitation
Sanitation is an important prevention measure against fungal infections in Bengal gram. It involves removing infected plant debris from the field, removing volunteer plants, and cleaning farm equipment before use. Infected plant debris and volunteer plants serve as a source of infection for fungal spores, and cleaning farm equipment reduces the spread of infections from one field to another.
Cultural Control
Cultural practices can be used to manage fungal diseases in Bengal gram. Farmers can plant their crops in well-drained soil, avoid over-irrigation, and space plants to ensure proper air circulation around the plants. Proper spacing reduces fungal spore concentration, while well-drained soil reduces moisture levels that encourage the growth of fungi.
Conclusion
In conclusion, fungal attacks can cause significant damage to Bengal gram crops, and farmers need to take proactive measures to prevent them. As highlighted in this article, crop rotation, chemical control, seed treatment, sanitation, and cultural control are effective management strategies against fungal infections. Farmers should also consult with agricultural extension officers for advice on the best practices to control fungal diseases in Bengal gram crops.