As a promising agronomic practice, foliar spray has been widely recognized for its ability to increase the grain yield of wheat. This technique involves applying the nutrients and growth regulators to the leaves of wheat plants, which helps enhance their physiological and biochemical processes and ultimately leading to higher yields.
One of the primary benefits of foliar spray is that it allows for targeted delivery of essential nutrients and growth regulators to the wheat plants. This targeted approach reduces the amount of fertilizers required, lowers the risk of nutrient leaching, and minimizes environmental pollution. Moreover, foliar spray can provide quick results as the nutrients and growth regulators are readily absorbed by the leaves and translocated to the different parts of the plants.
Several nutrients and growth regulators are essential for wheat plants, and foliar spray can provide them in optimum quantities. Nitrogen and phosphorus are major nutrients that enhance vegetative growth and grain formation. Potassium, calcium, and magnesium are also crucial for plant growth, photosynthesis, and stress tolerance. Additionally, micronutrients such as iron, zinc, and copper are essential for enzymatic functions, photosynthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism.
Apart from the nutrients, foliar spray also provides growth regulators that help regulate the growth and development of wheat plants. For instance, gibberellins, cytokinins, and auxins are hormones that promote cell division, stem elongation, and root development. Ethylene is another regulator that controls the ripening and senescence of plants. By providing these growth regulators in appropriate concentrations, foliar spray can help optimize the growth and yield of wheat plants.
However, it is essential to note that foliar spray is not a substitute for soil fertilization. Soil fertility should be maintained with regular application of fertilizers. Moreover, foliar spray should be done at the right time, with the right concentration, and under appropriate environmental conditions. Excessive application of nutrients or growth regulators can damage the plants and reduce yields.
In conclusion, foliar spray is an effective technique that can increase wheat grain yields by providing essential nutrients and growth regulators in optimum quantities. By targeted delivery, foliar spray reduces fertilizer use, minimizes environmental pollution, and provides quick results. However, it should be done with caution, following appropriate protocols, to avoid damage to the plants and reduce the risk of yield loss.