As mustard crop is sensitive to moisture stress during its growth period, proper irrigation management is crucial for obtaining a good yield. The first irrigation in mustard crop is applied after 15-20 days of sowing, when the seedlings have established and reached the two-leaf stage. The first irrigation is essential for facilitating seed germination and root growth, which in turn promotes vegetative growth and development.
Before applying the first irrigation, the soil moisture level should be checked using a soil moisture meter or by manually checking the soil texture and appearance. The soil should have enough moisture to supply the crop’s water requirement for at least 10-15 days after irrigation. If the soil is too dry, and the crop is water-stressed, then the irrigation should be applied immediately.
The most common irrigation methods used in mustard crop are furrow irrigation, drip irrigation, and sprinkler irrigation. Furrow irrigation is suitable for areas with light to moderate soil, while drip irrigation is appropriate for areas with heavy soil and high water table. Sprinkler irrigation is a preferred method for large-scale crops, as it saves labor and time.
During the first irrigation, the water should be applied uniformly across the field to avoid waterlogging and runoff. Adequate water should be supplied to the crop, keeping in mind the soil type, weather conditions, and crop growth stage. Over-irrigation can lead to nutrient leaching and soil erosion, while under-irrigation can result in reduced yield and stunted growth.
It is essential to monitor the plantation after the first irrigation to ensure that the crop is not under or over-irrigated. Farmers must check for signs of water stress, such as yellowing of leaves, wilting, and reduced growth rate, and adjust the irrigation schedule accordingly.
In conclusion, the first irrigation is crucial for the growth and development of the mustard crop. Proper irrigation management, by employing appropriate methods and techniques, can significantly enhance the yield and quality of the crop. Farmers must follow good irrigation practices, such as timely and accurate irrigation, to maximize the benefits of irrigation.