As a crop that heavily relies on nutrients to thrive, paddy (rice) requires proper fertility management to prevent crop losses and achieve good yields. One critical aspect of fertility management is the timing of fertilizer application. Applying fertilizer at the right time is crucial to help the crop access the nutrients it needs when it needs them.
In paddy farming, there are two main stages of fertilizer application: before planting and during the growing season. Here are some guidelines on when to apply fertilizers in paddy farming:
Before planting
Before planting, it is recommended to apply all the basal fertilizers, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. This should be done according to soil test results or recommendations from local agricultural extension offices. Basal fertilizers can be broadcast or applied in bands at the bottom of the furrows.
During the growing season
During the growing season, paddy crops require additional nutrient inputs to sustain their growth and maintain high yields. There are two cycles of nitrogen application, known as the basal and top-dressing.
The basal application is done at the time of transplanting or three to five days after transplanting. This is when the first dose of nitrogen is applied to the crop. The amount of nitrogen applied at this stage depends on the soil type, variety of paddy, and the expected yield. Generally, 50-60 kg nitrogen per hectare is applied at this stage.
The second application of nitrogen is done around 25-30 days after transplanting. This is known as the top-dressing application, and it provides the crop with a second dose of nitrogen. The amount of nitrogen applied at this stage also depends on the soil type and the expected yield. Usually, 20-30 kg nitrogen per hectare is applied at this stage.
It is essential to note that overfertilization of paddy crops should be avoided. Overfertilization not only wastes fertilizer but also affects the quality of the grain and can lead to environmental pollution. Proper timing and application rates of fertilizers help the crop access nutrients efficiently, while also minimizing fertilizer wastage and losses.
In conclusion, proper fertilizer management is critical to paddy cultivation, and the timing of fertilizer application plays a key role in the success of the crops. Basal fertilizers should be applied before planting, and nitrogen should be applied twice during the growing season – at the time of transplanting and during the top-dressing stage. By following these guidelines, paddy farmers can maximize their yields while also improving soil fertility and minimizing environmental impacts.