Correcting Manganese Deficiency in Wheat Crop: A Comprehensive Guide
Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops and is grown globally to feed millions of people. It is a major source of carbohydrates, protein, and essential micronutrients. However, like other crops, wheat is also susceptible to various nutrient deficiencies, which can affect its growth, yield, and quality. One of the most common nutrient deficiencies in wheat is that of manganese (Mn).
Manganese is an essential micronutrient required by plants for various physiological functions, including photosynthesis, enzyme activation, and nutrient uptake. It is a constituent of several enzymes involved in energy metabolism, the assimilation of nitrogen into proteins, and the synthesis of lignin. Manganese is an essential component of the photosynthetic system, as it is directly involved in the water-splitting complex of photosystem II.
Manganese deficiency symptoms in wheat crop
Manganese deficiency in wheat is characterized by chlorosis, starting from the interveinal areas of the leaves. As the deficiency intensifies, the necrotic symptoms appear on the margins of leaves. The growth of wheat plants is significantly reduced due to manganese deficiency. Under extreme conditions, the crop can even die.
Manganese deficiency in wheat crop is often more severe in alkaline soils, where the soil pH is above 7.0. In alkaline soils, the availability of manganese to the plant is reduced due to its conversion into insoluble forms, making it unavailable for plant uptake.
How to correct manganese deficiency in wheat crop
Manganese deficiency in wheat crop can be corrected through various methods such as the use of micronutrient fertilizers, foliar sprays, and soil amendments.
1. Micronutrient fertilizers
Micronutrient fertilizers are available as chelated or non-chelated forms of manganese. Chelated forms are more effective in correcting micronutrient deficiencies, as they are more stable and readily available to plants. The application of manganese fertilizers (chelated or non-chelated) should be based on the soil test report.
2. Foliar spray
Foliar sprays of manganese are effective in correcting the deficiency if applied at the right time and concentration. The optimum concentration of manganese for foliar spray is around 0.5-1.0% (w/v) for wheat crops.
3. Soil amendments
Soil amendments such as gypsum, elemental sulfur, or acidic fertilizers can help in reducing soil pH, especially in alkaline soils. The application of these amendments will convert the insoluble manganese into soluble forms and make it available for plant uptake.
However, before applying any soil amendments or fertilizers, it is recommended to conduct soil testing to identify the severity of manganese deficiency in the soil and the appropriate dosage of the amendments.
Conclusion
Manganese deficiency in wheat crop is a serious issue that needs immediate attention. It can affect the yield, quality, and appearance of the crop. Understanding the symptoms and causes of manganese deficiency is the first step towards correcting it. By using the correct fertilizers, foliar sprays, and soil amendments, farmers can rectify the deficiency and improve the productivity of their wheat crop.