As the last stage of the wheat crop cycle, irrigation plays a crucial role in determining the yield and quality of the crop. The proper time for the last irrigation is a critical decision for wheat growers as it is essential for the maturation of the crop and can also ensure the efficient use of water resources.
The timing of the last irrigation in wheat depends on various factors such as the growth stage of the crop, prevailing weather conditions, type of soil, and the availability of water. Generally, wheat requires about 65-75 cm of water during the entire crop cycle, with the highest water requirement during the critical stages of tillering, jointing, and flowering. After flowering, the crop enters the grain-filling period, during which the last irrigation should take place.
Ideally, the last irrigation in wheat should be done when the crop is approaching maturity, i.e., the grain has fully developed, and the plant leaves have started to turn yellow. At this stage, the plant’s water requirement is significantly reduced, and any excess irrigation can lead to lodging, lower crop quality, and increased susceptibility to pests and diseases. Moreover, over-irrigation during the grain-filling stage can also cause leaching of nutrients, particularly nitrogen, which can impact the yield of the crop.
In addition to the growth stage, weather conditions also play a crucial role in determining the optimal timing for the last irrigation. Dry and hot conditions require more water, and therefore, the last irrigation may need to be carried out later. On the other hand, if there is enough moisture in the soil due to good rains, the last irrigation can be delayed. Similarly, the type of soil also affects the timing of the last irrigation. Sandy soils require more frequent and timely irrigation, while heavier soils can retain moisture for a longer time, allowing for a delay in the last irrigation.
In summary, the correct time for the last irrigation in wheat crop is when the plant is approaching maturity, and the water requirement has reduced significantly. The decision of when to undertake the last irrigation is critical for the overall health and yield of the crop, and factors such as weather, soil type, and plant growth stage should be carefully considered. By following the correct irrigation practices and timing, wheat growers can ensure optimum use of water resources and achieve a high yield and quality crop.