Title: Controlling Wilt Attack in Bengal Gram Crop
Introduction:
Bengal gram, also known as chickpea or garbanzo bean, is one of the most important pulse crops cultivated worldwide. However, like any other crop, it is susceptible to various diseases, with wilt being one of the most significant ones. Wilt disease in Bengal gram, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, can lead to substantial yield losses. In this article, we will discuss effective strategies to control wilt attack in Bengal gram crops.
1. Crop Rotation:
Crop rotation is a widely recognized method to break the disease cycle. Avoid growing Bengal gram consecutively in the same field for two or more years. Instead, rotate it with non-host crops like cereals or oilseeds. This practice reduces the inoculum build-up in the soil, decreasing the risk of wilt disease.
2. Selection of Resistant Varieties:
Resistant varieties are an essential tool in managing wilt disease. Many breeders have developed wilt-resistant Bengal gram varieties. Choose certified resistant seeds from reliable sources, as these varieties have a higher chance of withstanding wilt infections. Resistant varieties not only help reduce the disease severity but can also contribute to overall crop productivity.
3. Seed Treatment:
Before sowing, treat Bengal gram seeds with registered fungicides to reduce the seedborne inoculum. This treatment helps prevent or minimize the initial attack of wilt disease. Follow the recommended dose and application procedure provided by the manufacturer for effective control.
4. Soil Solarization:
Soil solarization is an effective technique used to manage several soil-borne diseases, including wilt. Before sowing, prepare the field by covering it with transparent plastic sheets during the hottest months. This process raises the soil temperature, effectively killing many pathogenic organisms and reducing their population. Soil solarization can significantly reduce wilt-causing pathogens, contributing to improved crop health.
5. Cultural Practices:
Implement good cultural practices to maintain crop vigor and minimize stress, which makes the plants more susceptible to wilt. Adequate spacing between plants ensures good air circulation and reduces the chances of disease spread. Proper irrigation management and avoiding waterlogging helps maintain the optimal moisture level in the root zone, preventing additional stress to the plants.
6. Integrated Disease Management (IDM):
Adopting an integrated approach that combines several control measures can effectively manage wilt disease. IDM involves a combination of resistant varieties, seed treatment, crop rotation, and cultural practices. Regular field inspections and monitoring for early wilt symptoms can aid in timely intervention. If necessary, chemical control using registered fungicides can be implemented, but it should be used in combination with other control measures.
Conclusion:
Wilt disease in Bengal gram can have a significant impact on crop productivity. By integrating the mentioned control measures such as crop rotation, selection of resistant varieties, seed treatment, soil solarization, and implementing good cultural practices, farmers can effectively manage wilt attack. Regular monitoring and timely action are crucial to reducing the disease’s impact and ensuring a healthy and productive Bengal gram crop.