Zinc is one of the essential micronutrients required by plants for their growth and development. Zinc is important for various physiological functions such as photosynthesis, respiration, seed formation, and root development. Zinc deficiency in plants can lead to reduced crop yield and poor quality of produce. The deficiency of zinc is a major concern in wheat crop production, as it affects the wheat crop yield and quality.
The following measures can be taken to control zinc deficiency in wheat crop:
1. Soil management: Soil management is an effective way to control zinc deficiency in wheat crop. Application of zinc fertilizers, such as zinc sulfate, zinc oxide, and zinc chelates, can enhance the availability of zinc in the soil. Zinc fertilizers should be applied before sowing the crop to ensure the optimal nutrient uptake of wheat crop.
2. Crop rotation: Crop rotation is an effective method to prevent zinc deficiency in wheat crop. Rotation of crops like legumes, which are good zinc accumulators, can enhance the level of zinc in the soil. For example, growing chickpea or lentil crop before wheat can increase the availability of zinc in the soil.
3. Use of zinc-enriched seeds: Use of zinc-enriched seeds is an alternative method to control zinc deficiency in wheat crop. Seeds coated with zinc or zinc-enriched fertilizers can improve the uptake of zinc by the crop. Zinc-enriched seeds can also promote root growth, which can enhance the absorption of nutrients.
4. Foliar application: Foliar application is an effective way to control zinc deficiency in wheat crop. Spraying zinc solutions on the leaves of the wheat crop can enhance the uptake of zinc and prevent the deficiency. Foliar application is best done during the vegetative growth stage of the crop.
5. Soil pH management: Soil pH can have a significant effect on the availability of zinc in the soil. Maintaining the optimum soil pH between 6.0 to 7.5 can improve the absorption of zinc by the crop. Acidic soils with pH below 6.0 can lead to zinc deficiency in wheat crop.
6. Genetic modification: Genetic modification of plants to tolerate zinc deficiency is a promising technology for controlling zinc deficiency in wheat crop. The use of genetic engineering can enhance the availability of zinc in the soil or help improve the ability of wheat plants to uptake zinc.
In conclusion, controlling zinc deficiency in wheat crop is crucial for optimal crop yield and quality. Soil management, crop rotation, use of zinc-enriched seeds, foliar application, soil pH management, and genetic modification are some of the effective ways to control zinc deficiency in wheat crop. By adopting these measures, farmers can prevent zinc deficiency and ensure a healthy and productive wheat crop.