Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a common nutritional disorder in wheat and other crops. In wheat, zinc deficiency results in stunted growth, reduced yields, and lower grain quality. It is estimated that more than 50% of agricultural soils around the world are deficient in zinc, which makes it a significant constraint for wheat production.
There are several ways to control zinc deficiency in wheat, and each method has its advantages and disadvantages. Some of the most common approaches are discussed below:
1. Soil Fertilization with Zinc
One of the most common methods to control zinc deficiency in wheat is soil fertilization with zinc. Zinc can be applied to the soil in the form of zinc fertilizers such as zinc sulfate, zinc oxide, and zinc chelates. The application of zinc fertilizer can improve the uptake and availability of zinc by plants and thereby improve wheat yields and quality.
2. Foliar Fertilization with Zinc
Another method to control zinc deficiency in wheat is foliar fertilization with zinc. Foliar application of zinc can be an effective method to supplement zinc to wheat plants if white coloring of young leaves and veinal chlorosis is observed. Foliar zinc spray can be done from 15 to 20 days after germination up to heading stage.
3. Crop Rotation and Residue Management
Zinc deficiency in wheat can be controlled through crop rotation and residue management. Growing legumes or brassica crops, which have high zinc uptake, in rotation with wheat can help in the accumulation of zinc in the soil. The decomposition of crop residues of these plants also contributes to the release of zinc in the soil and improves the zinc content of the soil.
4. Changes in Soil pH and Organic Matter Content
Soil pH and organic matter content are important factors that influence zinc availability in soils. Increasing soil organic matter can improve the retention of zinc in soils and reduce leaching. Similarly, adjusting the soil pH to a neutral range (between pH 6-7) can improve the uptake of zinc by wheat plants.
In conclusion, zinc deficiency is a significant concern for wheat production. It is essential to ensure adequate zinc supply to wheat plants to maintain their health and productivity. A combination of approaches, including soil fertilization, foliar fertilization, crop rotation, residue management, and changes in soil pH and organic matter content, can help to control zinc deficiency in wheat. Farmers should utilize the best possible technique according to their situation to counter this crop nutrition issue.