Zinc is one of the essential micronutrients required by plants for their growth and development. It plays a critical role in various physiological and metabolic processes of wheat plant growth. Zinc deficiency in wheat can lead to stunted growth, reduced productivity, and poor nutritional quality. Therefore, it is essential to control the deficiency of zinc in wheat crops to ensure their maximum growth and yield. In this article, we will discuss the various methods of controlling zinc deficiency in wheat.
Soil Management:
Zinc deficiency in wheat crops can occur due to various soil factors such as pH, organic matter content, and soil texture. Therefore, it is recommended to maintain the soil pH in a range of 6.0 to 7.5. Adequate organic matter content in the soil can also increase the availability of zinc. Incorporating organic matter through green manuring, composting, and crop residues can improve the soil quality needed for zinc absorption.
Fertilizer Application:
Application of zinc fertilizer is one of the effective ways of controlling zinc deficiency in wheat crops. Zinc sulfate is the most commonly used source of zinc fertilizer. It can be applied as a foliar spray, seed treatment, or soil application. The recommended rate of zinc fertilizer application for wheat crops is 10-15 kg/ha. It is always recommended to conduct soil tests before applying zinc fertilizer to avoid nutrient imbalance in the soil.
Crop Rotation:
Crop rotation plays an essential role in controlling zinc deficiency in wheat crops. Growing leguminous crops in rotation with wheat can help improve soil fertility and increase the availability of zinc. Legumes have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen, which is essential for the growth of wheat crops.
Plant Breeding:
Plant breeding is another method of developing zinc-efficient wheat varieties. Zinc-efficient wheat varieties can help overcome zinc deficiency in wheat crops. These varieties have been developed by incorporating genes responsible for zinc uptake and translocation. In addition, the development of high-yielding, disease-resistant, and stress-tolerant wheat varieties can also contribute to the overall growth and productivity of wheat crops.
In conclusion, controlling zinc deficiency in wheat crops is essential for ensuring their maximum growth and yield. A combination of soil management, fertilizer application, crop rotation, and plant breeding can help overcome zinc deficiency in wheat crops. Adequate supply of zinc can also improve the nutritional quality of wheat, making it a healthier food option.